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BROMINE CHLORIDE--AN ALTERNATIVE TO CHLORINE FOR FOULING CONTROL IN CONDENSER COOLING SYSTEMS
Citation:
Bongers, L., T. O'Conner, AND D. Burton. BROMINE CHLORIDE--AN ALTERNATIVE TO CHLORINE FOR FOULING CONTROL IN CONDENSER COOLING SYSTEMS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/7-77/053.
Description:
The report gives results of a comparison of bromine chloride and chlorine for fouling control in condenser cooling systems, by evaluating their decay rate in estuarine cooling water and their fouling control effectiveness. The program was conducted at an 1100-MWe, fossil-fueled, two-unit generating facility using estuarine water for once-through cooling. The halogens were applied continuously at doses of 0.5 ppm or less. Fouling control was evaluated by observing the accumulation of fouling on glass panels exposed to treated and untreated cooling water, and on condenser performance data. Decay characteristics of the halogens were evaluated by measuring residual oxidant concentrations using an amperometric back-titration method sensitive to 5 ppb. Fouling control resulted from the presence of bromamines expected from the rapid reaction of free hypobromous acid with the ambient levels of ammonia present. Dosing requirements depended primarily on cooling water temperature. Using BrC decay and fouling response to treatment data, a control model was formulated which predicted minimum BrCl dose necessary to attain adequate fouling control.