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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS: IN CANINE SPECIES
Citation:
Stara, J., D. Dungworth, J. Orthoefer, AND W. Tyler. LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS: IN CANINE SPECIES. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/8-80/014.
Description:
The Clean Air Act of 1970 as amended in 1977 requires that a comprehensive data base be established to assess human health effects caused by air pollution from mobile sources. The spectrum of potential toxic effects can be viewed from two perspectives: The first is the identification of toxic effects from combined low-level effects of the individual major ambient air pollutants, which are combustion by-products of automotive exhaust. Ideally, the major components of a data base used to develop health risk assessments are well-designed epidemiological studies and long-term, low-level animal studies. The 9-year study presented in this monograph reviews the effects following exposure of dogs for 68 months to automotive exhaust, simulated smog, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, and their combinations. Studies using canine species over extended periods of time have proven useful in the evaluation of risk to humans, especially when combined with epidemiological studies and human clinical investigations. All of the data were reviewed at a conference held at Asilomr, California by invited expert scientists. Their evaluations and judgments form a significant segment of this monograph.