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THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS: MEASUREMENTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS AND THEIR MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY
Citation:
Kleindienst, T., D. Smith, E. Hudgens, R. Snow, E. Perry, L. Claxton, J. Bufalini, F. Black, AND L. Cupitt. THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF AUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS: MEASUREMENTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS AND THEIR MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/J-92/428 (NTIS PB93141273).
Description:
Dilute mixtures of automobile emissions were irradiated in a smog chamber and tested for mutagenic activity by using a variant of the Salmonella test. he exhaust was taken from single vehicle, a 1977 Ford Mustang, equipped with a catalytic converter. rradiated and nonirradiate gas-phase emissions were used in exposures of the bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium. he mutagenic activities of extracts from the particulate phase were also measured with the standard plate incorporation assay. In all experiments only direct-acting mutagenic compounds were measured). he gas-phase data showed increased activity for the irradiated emissions when compared to the nonirradiated mixture, which exhibited negligible activity with respect to the control values. he particulate phase for both the irradiated and nonirradiated mixtures showed negligible activity when results were compared to control values for both strains. owever, the experimental conditions limited the amount of extractable mass which could be collected in the particulate phase. nder the experimental conditions of this study, the mutagenic density of the gas-phase component of the irradiated mixture contributed approximately two orders of magnitude more to the total TA100 activity than did the particulate phase. or TA98, the gas-phase component contributed approximately one order of magnitude more. he significance and limitations of the results are discussed.