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DEMINERALIZATION OF SAND-FILTERED SECONDARY EFFLUENT BY SPIRAL-WOUND REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS
Citation:
Chen, C. AND R. Miele. DEMINERALIZATION OF SAND-FILTERED SECONDARY EFFLUENT BY SPIRAL-WOUND REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/2-77/169.
Description:
A 22.7 cu m/day (6,000 gallons/day) spiral-wound reverse osmosis pilot plant, was operated at the Pomona Advanced Wastewater Treatment Research Facility on the sand-filtered secondary effluent. The pilot plant study was conducted under optimum operating conditions based on previous studies. During the first year of operation, all the system performance parameters, such as salt rejection, water recovery, and product water flux rate, were only slightly decreased from their initial values. However, the salt rejection and product water flux rate were substantially reduced to almost half of their initial values after a two year operation period. During this same two year period, the water recovery was found to decline about 15 per cent of its initial value. A cost estimate for a 37,850 cu m/day (10 MGD) plant for August, 1973 cost figures indicated that for membranes with only one-year life the process cost was about 16.5 cents/1,000 liters (63.5 cents/1000 gallons). However, the cost could be substantially reduced to 12.4 cents/1,000 liters (47.5 cents/1,000 gallons) for membranes with two-year life. Both cost estimates did not include the costs for sand filtration pretreatment and brine disposal.