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METHODS FOR SPAWNING, CULTURING, AND CONDUCTING TOXICITY TESTS WITH EARLY-LIFE STAGES OF ESTUARINE AND MARINE FISHES
Citation:
Middaugh, D., L. Goodman, AND M. Hemmer. METHODS FOR SPAWNING, CULTURING, AND CONDUCTING TOXICITY TESTS WITH EARLY-LIFE STAGES OF ESTUARINE AND MARINE FISHES. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/A-94/034 (NTIS PB94155389).
Description:
This chapter provides a detailed description of the life history, geographical distribution of the life history, geographical distribution, and procedures for laboratory spawning, culturing and testing of five fishes: the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina; Atlantic silverside, M. menidia; California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis; and topsmelt, Atherinops affinis. Procedures for conducting acute toxicity tests (static and flow-through) as well as early life-stage toxicity tests are presented. Methods required for culturing of food organisms - the alga, Isochrysis aff. Galbana; rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis; and brine shrimp, Artemia aline - are also described. Tabular and diagrammatic data summaries of pertinent information required for utilization of each species in evaluation of environmental toxicants is presented. Suggestions are also given on species indigenous to: South America; Western Europe; the Adriatic, Caspian, Mediterranean and Red Seas; the Persian Gulf; Japan and the Western Pacific, which may be useful in the assessment of environmental pollutants in the regions.