Citation:

Bergmark, E., J. Calleman, H. Fengsheng, AND e. al. DETERMINATION OF HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS IN HUMANS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO ACRYLAMIDE. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/J-93/014.

Description:

Hemoglobin (Hb) adduct determinations were used to monitor occupational exposure to acrylamide (AA) and acrylonitrile (AN). orth-one workers in a factory in the People's Republic of China who were involved in the synthesis of a AA by catalytic hydration of AN and the manufacturing of polyacrylamide were studied. en nonexposed workers in the same city served as controls. A and AN exposures were monitoring using the modified Edman degradation procedure for the determination of their respective Hb adducts to N-terminal valine. he adduct levels in the exposed workers were 0.3-34 nmol/g Hb for AA and 0.02-66 nmol/g Hb for AN, as determined by GC/MS. he formation of glycinamide (GA), the epoxide metabolite of AA, in humans was demonstrated by GC/MS analysis of its Hb adduct to N-terminal valine following acid hydrolysis, ion-exchange chromatography, and derivatization. he GA adduct was detected in samples from the exposed persons with levels of 1.6-32 nmol/g Hb. There was a linear relationship between the AA and GA adduct levels and the ratio of the in vivo doses of GA and AA was 3:10. hese results suggest that AA is metabolized to GA in humans, as had previously been shown in the rat. he high AA adduct levels in the exposed workers, as compared to those expected from air concentrations, indicate that dermal exposure may contribute significantly to the total uptake of AA. he average daily in vivo doses of AA and GA in the highest exposed workers were comparable to the in vivo doses in rats injected with 3 mg/kg AA. ince a regimen of 2 mg/kg/day is known to cause a significant increase in tumors in rats, preventative measures may be necessary for humans exposed to high levels of AA in industrial settings.

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