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Predictors of Urinary 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Levels in 50 North Carolina Adults
Citation:
Morgan, M., Paul-A Jones, J. Sobus, AND D. Boyd Barr. Predictors of Urinary 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Levels in 50 North Carolina Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland, 13(11):1172, (2016).
Impact/Purpose:
To better characterize the daily exposures of adults to pyrethroids (that breakdown to form 3-PBA), it is recommended that future studies use 24-hr urine measurements as well as information regarding time spent outside and the consumption of specific foods and beverages, particularly coffee, beans, breads, and fruit juices
Description:
Limited data are available on the non-chemical stressors that impact adult exposures to pyrethroid insecticides based on urinary biomonitoring. The urinary metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), is commonly used to assess human exposure to a number of pyrethroids. In a further analysis of published study data, we quantified urinary 3-PBA levels of 50 adults over a single, 24-h sampling period and examined the associations between the biomarker measurements and selected non-chemical stressors (demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors). A convenience sample of 50 adults was recruited in North Carolina in 2009–2011. Participants collected individual urine voids (up to 11) and filled out activity, food, and pesticide use diaries over a 24-h sampling period. Urine voids (n = 326) were analyzed for 3-PBA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 3-PBA was detected in 98% of the 24-h composited urine samples. The geometric mean urinary 3-PBA level was 1.68 ng/mL in adults. Time spent outside (p = 0.0006) was a highly significant predictor of natural log-transformed (ln) urinary 3-PBA levels, while consumption of coffee (p = 0.007) and breads (p = 0.019) and ln creatinine levels (p = 0.037) were significant predictors of urinary 3-PBA levels. In conclusion, we identified specific factors that substantially increased adult exposures to pyrethroids in their everyday environments. View Full-Text
