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DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION OF AMMONIA EMISSION FACTORS
Citation:
Battye, R., C. Overcash, AND S. Fudge. DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION OF AMMONIA EMISSION FACTORS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-94/190 (NTIS PB95123915), 1994.
Description:
This report compiles recent literature on ammonia (NH') emission factors for application in the United States. ost of the recent research supports acid deposition studies in the European community (specifically, the Netherlands, Great Britain, and Scandinavia) but some research has been conducted in Australia. he majority of NH3 emissions in current inventories, up to 90% or more of anthropogenic emissions, originates from livestock wastes with fertilizer applications providing a significant proportion. ome inventories exclude industrial emissions entirely because they are insignificant relative to agricultural sources. lobal climate change research indicates that undisturbed soils and biomass burning may also have significant emissions, up to half of the global NH3 budget. he recommended NH3 emission factors are: European factors for agricultural sources; Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors - Volume I (AP-42) for industrial sources; and National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program factors for combustion sources, human breath and perspiration, and publicly owned treatment works (POTW's). ew factors are developed for beet sugar production, froth floatation in mineral processing, mineral wool (fiberglass) production, refrigeration, and selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction for control of nitrogen oxide emissions. dditional discreet industrial sources of NH3 are identified through the Toxic Release Inventory. ive future research projects are recommended: investigate global climate literature on NH, from undisturbed soils and biomass burning; use animal husbandry primary references to provide better linkages with USDA statistics; develop temporal profiles for agricultural emissions; and conduct additional research into emissions from refrigeration, POTWs, and selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction.
