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Effect of High Fructose and High Fat Diets on Pulmonary Sensitivity, Motor Activity, and Body Composition of Brown Norway Rats Exposed to Ozone
Citation:
Gordon, C., P. Phillips, A. Johnstone, T. Beasley, A. Ledbetter, M. Schladweiler, S. Snow, AND U. Kodavanti. Effect of High Fructose and High Fat Diets on Pulmonary Sensitivity, Motor Activity, and Body Composition of Brown Norway Rats Exposed to Ozone. INHALATION TOXICOLOGY. Taylor & Francis, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 28(5):203-15, (2016).
Impact/Purpose:
This paper assesses the potential effects of dietary induced obesity on the susceptibility to ozone exposure. Diets rich in fructose and fat are considered to be major risk factors leading to obesity. Moreover, obesity is considered to be a risk factor that increases susceptibility to air pollution. However, there is little experimental evidence to support this notion. We report that rats administered calorically rich high fructose or high fat diets did not have increased susceptibility to ozone exposure. However, the study opens new avenues to study these processes. Namely, the selection of the appropriate experimental animal model will be important in the design of future studies
Description:
Diet-induced obesity has been suggested to lead to increased susceptibility to air pollutants such as ozone (03); however, there is little experimental evidence. Thirty day old male and female Brown Norway rats were fed a normal, high-fructose or high-fat diet for 12 weeks and then exposed to 03 (acute - air or 0.8ppm 03 for 5 h, or subacute - air or 0.8ppm 03 for 5 h/d 1 d/week for 4 weeks). Body composition was measured non-invasively using NMR. Ventilatory parameters and exploratory behavior were measured after the third week of subacute exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood chemistry data were collected 18 h after acute 03 and 18 h after the fourth week of subacute 03. The diets led to increased body fat in male but not female rats. 03-induced changes in ventilatory function were either unaffected or improved with the fructose and fat diets. 03-induced reduction in exploratory behavior was attenuated with fructose and fat diets in males and partiafty in females. 03 led to a significant decrease in body fat of males fed control diet but not the fructose or fat diet. 03 led to significant increases in BALF eosinophils, increase in albumin, and reductions in macrophages. Female rats appeared to be more affected than males to 03 regardless of diet. Overall, treatment with high-fructose and high-fat diets attenuated some 03 induced effects on pulmonary function, behavior, and metabolism. Exacerbation of toxicity was observed less frequently.
