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Association Between Satellite-based Estimates of Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Coronary Artery Disease
Citation:
McGuinn, L., C. Ward-Caviness, L. Neas, A. Schneider, D. Diaz-Sanchez, W. Cascio, W. Kraus, E. Hauser, E. Dowdy, C. Haynes, A. Chudnovsky, P. Koutrakis, AND R. Devlin. Association Between Satellite-based Estimates of Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Coronary Artery Disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Academic Press Incorporated, Orlando, FL, 145(1):9-17, (2015).
Impact/Purpose:
Air pollution is associated with several adverse health outcomes. Specifically, ambient fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µg/m3 (PM2.5) is associated with increased mortality and increased risk for respiratory and cardiovascular disease 1.2. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 estimates that worldwide over 3.2 million premature deaths and over 74 million years of healthy life lost were attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution, making it one of the top global health risk factors3. Further, an estimated 22% of disability-adjusted life-years for heart disease are attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution.
Description:
Background: Epidemiological studies have identified associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular events, though most have relied on concentrations from central-site air quality monitors. Methods: We utilized a cohort of 5679 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization at Duke University between 2002-2009 and resided in North Carolina. We used estimates of daily PM2.5 concentrations for North Carolina during the study period based on satellite derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements and PM2.5 concentrations from ground monitors, which were spatially resolved with a 10 x 10 km resolution. matched to each patient's residential address and averaged for the year prior to catheterization. The Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) index was used co measure severity of CAD; scores > 23 represent a hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesion in at least one major coronary vessel. Logistic regression modeled odds of having CAD or an MI with each 1 µg/m3 increase in annual average PM2.5, adjusting for sex, race, smoking status and socioeconomic status.Results: In adjusted models, a 1 µg/m3 increase in annual average PM2.5 was associated with an 11.1% relative increase in the odds of significant CAD (95% CI: 4.0-18.6%) and a 14.2% increase in the odds of having a myocardial infarction (MI) within a year prior (95% CI: 3.7-25.8%).Conclusions: Satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5 exposure were associated with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients.
