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Developing analytical approaches to explore the connectionbetween endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in waterto effects in fish
Citation:
Jones-Lepp, T., R. Taniguchi-Fu, J. Morgan, M. Ward, T. NanceJR, D. Alvarez, AND L. Mills. Developing analytical approaches to explore the connectionbetween endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in waterto effects in fish. Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry . Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 0(0):1-12, (2015).
Impact/Purpose:
The emphasis of this research project was to develop, and optimize, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, such that a linkage between the detection of endocrine active pharmaceuticals (EAPs) in the aquatic environment and subsequent effects on fish populations could eventually be studied. The chemicals under investigation in this study were narrowed to four EAPs: tamoxifen (TAM), exemestane (EXE), letrozole (LET), anastrozole (ANA); and three TAM metabolites; 4-hydroxytamoxifen, e/z endoxifen, and n-desmethyl tamoxifen.
Description:
The emphasis of this research project was to develop, and optimize, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, such that a linkage between the detection of endocrine active pharmaceuticals (EAPs) in the aquatic environment and subsequent effects on fish populations could eventually be studied. The chemicals under investigation in this study were narrowed to four EAPs: tamoxifen (TAM), exemestane (EXE), letrozole (LET), anastrozole (ANA); and three TAM metabolites; 4-hydroxytamoxifen, e/z endoxifen, and n-desmethyl tamoxifen. The environmental data confirmed the presence of two TAM metabolites: 4-hydroxytamoxifen and n-desmethyl tamoxifen. They were confirmed through mass spectra, and retention time data, in a substantial number of environmental aqueous samples. The discovery of the TAM metabolites demonstrates that the source of the TAM metabolites, TAM, is constant. The possibility that aquatic organisms could constantly be exposed to low concentrations of multiple emerging contaminants, and subsequent hormesis response, should be taken into consideration when performing environmental risk assessments.