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Assessment of Male Reproductive Toxicity##
Citation:
Klinefelter, G. AND R. Veeramachaneni. Assessment of Male Reproductive Toxicity##. Edition 6, Chapter 34, Drs. Claire Kruger and A. Wallace Hayes (ed.), Principles and Methods in Toxicology. Taylor & Francis Group, London, Uk, 1:1601-35, (2014).
Impact/Purpose:
This is the 6th edition of this book and the 4th chapter on Male Reproductive Toxicity. EPA has always taken the lead on these chapters. I was a co-author on the 3 previous versions and was asked to take the lead on this one. I sought an academic co-author in hopes of providing fresh perspective, but the chapter is rich in study designs brought into the field by EPA. These include: 1) the haromonized reproductive toxicity test guidelines, Tier 1 tests for endocrine disruptive chemicals (both in vivo and in vitro), more senstive testing for male fertilizing potential, and rationale for development of biomarkers of effect.
Description:
This review covers all aspects of male reproductive toxicology. It begins with an overview of male reproductive biology and then transitions to the considerations of conducting male reproductive toxicology studies. We discuss multigenerational study as proposed in EPAs harmonized guidelines and then discuss short term studies focused on specific target organs including a more sensitive procedure for assessing fertilty in the rodent. Moreover, we discuss the current tests recommnended for screening of endocrine disruptive chemicals. In addition to discussing in vivo study designs we also discuss the most relevant in vitro systems. We end by discussing the current state of the science in male reproductive epidemiology and forecast the future for male reproductive toxicology.