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Cellular Interactions and Biological Responses to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in HepG2 and BEAS-2B Cells: Role of Cell Culture Media
Citation:
Prasad, R., Steve Simmons, M. Killius, R. Zucker, A. Kligerman, C. Blackman, R. Fry, AND D. DeMarini. Cellular Interactions and Biological Responses to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in HepG2 and BEAS-2B Cells: Role of Cell Culture Media. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, 55(4):336-42, (2014).
Impact/Purpose:
In this study cells were exposed to nano-TiO2 for 24 h in two treatment media: DB: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and DF: DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). We found that nano-TiO2 formed ~200-400 nm agglomerates and induced DNA damage, micronuclei formation, phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), and transcriptional activation of NF-κB similarly in both media. However, in our previous study nano-TiO2 in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) supplemented with 0.1% BSA (KB) formed larger agglomerates than observed here with DB and resulted in reduced cellular interaction and no induction of micronuclei in BEAS-2B cells. In exploring this apparent discrepancy between studies, we examined KB and KB supplemented with glucose and potassium chloride (KB-Plus) at concentrations equal to that of DMEM for agglomeration as well as cellular interaction and micronuclei formation in BEAS-2B cells.
Description:
ABSTRACT We have shown previously that the composition of the biological medium used in vitro can affect the cellular interaction and biological response of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) in human lung epithelial cells. However, it is unclear if these effects are conserved in all cell types, particularly in the liver, where in vivo bio-distribution studies have shown nanoparticle localization after exposure. In this study cells were exposed to nano-TiO2 for 24 h in two treatment media: DB: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and DF: DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). We found that nano-TiO2 formed ~200-400 nm agglomerates and induced DNA damage, micronuclei formation, phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), and transcriptional activation of NF-κB similarly in both media. However, in our previous study nano-TiO2 in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) supplemented with 0.1% BSA (KB) formed larger agglomerates than observed here with DB and resulted in reduced cellular interaction and no induction of micronuclei in BEAS-2B cells. In exploring this apparent discrepancy between studies, we examined KB and KB supplemented with glucose and potassium chloride (KB-Plus) at concentrations equal to that of DMEM for agglomeration as well as cellular interaction and micronuclei formation in BEAS-2B cells. We found no significant differences between cells reared in KB versus KB-Plus for any of the three endpoints. Collectively, our data chronicle the genotoxicity and cellular response of HepG2 and BEAS-2B cells after nano-TiO2 exposure and suggest that cell type and cell culture conditions impact biological response.