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Respiratory Toxicity Biomarkers
Citation:
Kodavanti, U. Respiratory Toxicity Biomarkers. Chapter 12, Ramesh Gupta (ed.), BIOMARKERS IN TOXICOLOGY. Academic Press Incorporated, Orlando, FL, 1:217-231, (2014).
Impact/Purpose:
This book chapter is a compilation of different biomarkers of lung toxicity. Biomarkers assessment allows EPA scientists to correlate animal data to humans and plays a critical role in associating epidemiology findings to observed health effects. This book chapter will serve as a resource for potential biomarkers of lung injury induced by air pollution exposure in humans.
Description:
The advancement in high throughput genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques have accelerated pace of lung biomarker discovery. A recent growth in the discovery of new lung toxicity/disease biomarkers have led to significant advances in our understanding of pathological processes and targeted therapeutic approaches. The ability to sample lung tissue components by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) presents a unique opportunity to determine very specific biomarkers of lung toxicity, in addition to biomarkers assessment in blood and other body fluids. The identity of inhaled materials as exposure biomarkers in the BAL fluid, sputum, exhaled breath, blood or urine can provide the identity of injury causing agents. The toxicity biomarkers associated with different types of lung injuries and diseases range from biomarkers of inflammation and injury (cytokines, growth factors, thrombosis regulatory molecules, proteases and antiproteases, acute phase proteins, structural lung components) to novel miRNA, microparticles, and progenitor cells that are predictive of lung diseases.