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Mutagenicity of Diesel and Soy Biodiesel Exhaust Particles
Citation:
Mutlu, E., S. Warren, P. Matthews, C. King, B. Preston, M. Hays, D. Nash, WP Linak, M. Gilmour, AND D. DeMarini. Mutagenicity of Diesel and Soy Biodiesel Exhaust Particles. Presented at Environmental Mutagen Society, September 07 - 14, 2012.
Impact/Purpose:
presentation for the Environmental Mutagen Society meeting, Bellevue, Washington, 9/7-14/2012
Description:
Mutagenicity Of Diesel And Soy Biodiesel Exhaust Particles E Mutlua,b' SH Warrenb, PP Matthewsb, CJ Kingb, B Prestonc, MD Haysb, DG Nashb,ct, WP Linakb, MI Gilmourb, and DM DeMarinib aUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC bU.S. Environmental Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC cARCADIS G&M, Inc., Durham, NC ctORISE, Oak Ridge, TN Biofuels are increasingly being developed as alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels. However, published research on biodiesel gives contradictory conclusions regarding the mutagenic activity of such emissions relative to those from petroleum diesel. Thus, we performed bioassay-directed fractionation and analyzed the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels of a composite sample of diesel-exhaust particles (C-DEP) generated on site from petroleum diesel with a 30- kW 4-cylinder Deutz BF4M1008 diesel engine connected to an air compressor. We also evaluated combustion particles generated using 0, 20, and 100% soy lbiodiesel (BO, B20, B100) in a Yanmar L70 diesel engine. We extracted the C-DEP particles with dichloromethane (DCM) and sequentially fractionated the extracts with solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, 25% DCM/75% hexane, DCM, and methanol. We determined the percentage of extractable organic material (EOM), solvent-exchanged extracts into dimethyl sulfoxide, and evaluated them for mutagenicity in various Salmonella strains +/-S9. For C-DEP, >50% of the mass eluted in fraction 1, but it was not mutagenic. All of the PAHs eluted in the 2nd fraction, which also had 60% of the TA100+S9 activity, indicative ofPAHs. The 3rd fraction contained 60% of the TA98-S9 activity, indicative of nitroarenes. The B20 extract had 2X more PAH-type mutagenicity (TAIOO+S9) than did BO, and BIOO was 9X less mutagenic than BO. We found a high correlation (r2 = 0.97) between the concentration ofPAHs vs. TA100+S9 mutagenicity per Jlg of particles for BO, B20, and B100 emissions. [Abstract does not necessarily reflect t