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Contribution of Lubricating Oil to Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City
Citation:
Contribution of Lubricating Oil to Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City. Volume 46 (7), ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 46(7):4191-4199, (2012).
Impact/Purpose:
Used to guide the proposed reductions in PM emissions from the Tier 3 standard
Description:
The contribution of lubricating oil to particulate matter (PM) emissions representative of the in-use 2004 light-duty gasoline vehicles fleet is estimated from the Kansas City Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Study (KCVES). PM emissions are apportioned to lubricating oil and gasoline using aerosol-phase chemical markers measured in PM samples obtained from 99 vehicles tested on the California Unified Driving Cycle. The oil contribution to fleet-weighted PM emission rates is estimated to be 25% of PM emission rates. Oil contributes primarily to the organic fraction of PM, with no detectable contribution to elemental carbon emissions. Vehicles are analyzed according to pre-1991 and 1991–2004 groups due to differences in properties of the fitting species between newer and older vehicles, and to account for the sampling design of the study. Pre-1991 vehicles contribute 13.5% of the KC vehicle population, 70% of oil-derived PM for the entire fleet, and 33% of the fuel-derived PM. The uncertainty of the contributions is calculated from a survey analysis resampling method, with 95% confidence intervals for the oil-derived PM fraction ranging from 13% to 37%. The PM is not completely apportioned to the gasoline and oil due to several contributing factors, including varied chemical composition of PM among vehicles, metal emissions, and PM measurement artifacts. Additional uncertainties include potential sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the oil, contributions of semivolatile organic compounds from the oil to the PM measurements, and representing the in-use fleet with a limited number of vehicles.
URLs/Downloads:
Peer Review Comments on Contribution of Lubricating Oil to PM from LD Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City - Russell (PDF, NA pp, 69 KB, about PDF)Contribution of Lubricating Oil to Particulate Matter Emissions from (PDF, NA pp, 2055 KB, about PDF)
EPA Response to Peer Review Comments on Contribution of Lubricating Oil to PM from LD Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City (PDF, NA pp, 193 KB, about PDF)
Peer Review Comments on Contribution of Lubricating Oil to PM from LD Gasoline Vehicles in Kansas City - EST (PDF, NA pp, 34 KB, about PDF)