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Comparative Exposure to Soy Biodiesel Emissions in an Allergic Mouse Model
Citation:
GAVETT, S. H., J. M. Cyphert, M. J. DANIELS, E. H. Boykin, L. B. COPELAND, D. L. Andrews, T. J. Smith, M. I. GILMOUR, AND M. A. WILLIAMS. Comparative Exposure to Soy Biodiesel Emissions in an Allergic Mouse Model. Presented at Society of Toxicology (SOT) Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 11 - 15, 2012.
Impact/Purpose:
The immunotoxicological and allergic sensitization effects of novel soy-based biodiesels are unknown. Comparative immunological effects of ermssions from combustion of either 100% soy-based biodiesel (S100) or 20% mix with conventional petrodiesel (S20) were assessed in a house-dust mite allergen sensitization model. Both S20 and S100 affected the immunological activation of local lymph nodes. However, S20 not only dampened cellular proliferation but attenuated allergic sensitization of lymph node cells -this was indicative of a more potent immunotoxic effect of S20 as compared with the immuen adjuvant promoting effects of S100
Description:
We assessed the immunological effects following inhalation of emissions from 100% Soy biodiesel (S100) or a 20% mix with conventional petrodiesel (S20), in a house dust mite (HDM) allergic Balb/cJ mouse model. Female mice (8/group) were exposed whole body (4 hr/d, 5 d/wk, 4wk) to emissions from S20 or S100(0,50,150,or 500ug/m3 ).On day 3 of exposure wk1 and 2, mice were sensitized intranasally (i.n.) with HDM (0.70 antigen units of 1:1 Der fl: Der pl ), while non-allergic mice received saline vehicle only. All mice were challenged i.n. with HDM on day 3 of wk 4 (2 d prior to necropsy). 1 to 5 hr after the final exposure, allergic mice were hyperresponsive to MCh aerosol (flexiVent: enhanced total lung resistance), but neither S20 nor S100 had any effect on this response. Allergic sensitization was assessed by allergen-recall responses in primary peribronchial lymph node cells (LNC) and splenocytes (SPN), and measurement of cellular proliferation by BrdU uptake, and allergic cytokine profiles. In nonallergic mice, 50 and 150 ug/m3 of S20 or S100 dampened proliferation of LNC (p<0.05) that was partially restored by challenge with either Derf1 or Derp1. In vivo allergic sensitization was evidenced by enhanced proliferation of LNC in comparison with non-allergic counterparts. Exposures to all concentrations of S20 prevented allergen-driven proliferation of LNC cultures in comparison with filtered air controls. LNC from allergic mice exposed to 150 ug/m3 S100 had significantly augmented proliferation on challenge with Derp1 (p=0.00039) and Derf1 (p<0.0001). There were no significant effects of either S20 or S100 on SPN proliferation. In conclusion, both S20 and S100 affected the immunological responses of primary LNC. Exposure to S20 not only dampened cellular proliferation but attenuated allergic sensitization of LNC, indicating a more potent immunotoxic effect of S20 as compared with immune-adjuvant promoting S100. (This abstract does not reflect EPA policy).