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Ion Exchange and Adsorption of Inorganic Contaminants
Citation:
Clifford, D., T. J. SORG, AND G. L. Ghurye. Ion Exchange and Adsorption of Inorganic Contaminants . 6th Edition,, Chapter 12, J. K. Edzwald (ed.), Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water. American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, , pp. 12.1-12.96, (2011).
Impact/Purpose:
To inform the public.
Description:
In the first part of the chapter, the fundamentals of ion exchange and adsorption processes are explained, with the goal of demonstrating how these principles influence process design for inorganic contaminant removal. In the second part, ion exchange and adsorption processes that have been proven effective at bench, pilot, and full scale are described for the removal of hardness, barium, radium, nitrate, fluoride, arsenic, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), uranium, and perchlorate. For each contaminant, the factors that influence the choice and design of a process, for example, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), contaminant speciation, competing ions, resins, adsorbents, foulants, regenerants, and column flow patterns, are discussed. In the third and final part of the chapter, ion exchange modeling using equilibrium multicomponent chromatographic theory (EMCT) with constant separation factors (CSFs) is covered. Summary tables for cation and anion contaminants are included at the end of the chapter to aid the reader in process selection. The basic features, advantages, and disadvantages of the ion exchange and metal oxide/hydroxide packed preprocesses covered in this chapter are summarized1.
