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Early Evolution of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation Process: Contributions from the USEPA Effluent Testing Program
Citation:
ANKLEY, G. T., J. HOCKETT, D. R. MOUNT, AND D. I. MOUNT. Early Evolution of the Toxicity Identification Evaluation Process: Contributions from the USEPA Effluent Testing Program . Chapter 1, Springer-Verlag, BERLIN-HEIDELBERG, Germany, 15:1-18, (2011).
Impact/Purpose:
to identify the cause of toxicity in toxic effluents or ambient waters
Description:
As part of its whole effluent testing program, the USEPA developed an effects-directed analysis (EDA) approach to identifying the cause of toxicity in toxic effluents or ambient waters, an EDA process termed a “Toxicity Identification Evaluation” (TIE), which is the focus of this chapter. In the chapter, we provide a brief overview of the original TIE procedures developed, followed by a more detailed discussion of the philosophical basis of the approach relative to choice of biological system/endpoints, sample manipulations, and interpretation of test results. Finally, to illustrate the TIE process, including the logic involved in data collection and interpretation, we describe several case examples in which specific chemicals/classes of chemicals were successfully identified as causative of toxicity in effluents.