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Fundamentals of ISCO Using Ozone
Citation:
Clayton, W. S., B. Petri, AND S. G. HULING. Fundamentals of ISCO Using Ozone. 1st Edition, Chapter 5, R.L. Siegrist, M. Crimi, and T.J. Simpkin (ed.), In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation, ISBN 978-1-4419-7825-7. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, NY, 3:193-232, (2011).
Impact/Purpose:
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using ozone involves the introduction of ozone gas (O3) into the subsurface to degrade organic contaminants of concern.
Description:
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using ozone involves the introduction of ozone gas (O3) into the subsurface to degrade organic contaminants of concern. Ozone is tri-molecular oxygen (O2) that is a gas under atmospheric conditions and is a strong oxidant. Ozone may react with organic compounds via two predominant reaction pathways including direct reaction between ozone and organic compounds, or the catalytic decomposition of ozone to form free radicals which may then react with organics. Direct oxidation may occur in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase by dissolving ozone in water. Because O3 is a gas, it is amenable to delivery within the vadose (unsaturated) zone. This represents an advantage relative to liquid-phase oxidants which are limited in their ability to achieve contact with contaminated porous media in the vadose zone. O2 is a byproduct of O3 decomposition, and is also a co-injectant (i.e., air). A gratuitous benefit of introducing O2 into the subsurface is that it is an important electron acceptor used in aerobic biodegradation processes.
