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Differential cardiopulmonary effects of size-fractionated ambient particulate matter in mice
Citation:
TONG, H., W. Cheng, J. M. SAMET, M. I. GILMOUR, AND R. B. DEVLIN. Differential cardiopulmonary effects of size-fractionated ambient particulate matter in mice. Cardiovascular Toxicology. Humana Press Incorporated, Totowa, NJ, 10(4):259-267, (2010).
Impact/Purpose:
Evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of ambient coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles collected in Chapel Hill, NC.
Description:
Background: A growing body of evidence from epidemiological and toxicological studies provides a strong link between exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) particles of varying size and increased cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality. Objectives: Evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of ambient coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles collected in Chapel Hill, NC. Methods: Mice were exposed to 100 ug of each size fraction or saline by oropharyngeal instillation. Twenty-four hours later, markers of pulmonary inflammation were assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cardiac injury parameters were measured using a Langendorff cardiac perfusion preparation. Mouse hearts were perfused for 25 min prior to 20 min of global ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Recovery of post-ischemic left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and infarct size were measured at 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion respectively. Coronary flow rate was measured before, during, and after ischemia. Results: Coarse PM caused the most significant pulmonary inflammatory responses by increasing numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes and cytokines production in BAL. In contrast, hearts from ultrafine-exposed mice had significantly lower post-ischemic functional recovery and greater infarct size, while hearts from coarse and fine PM21 exposed mice had no significant responses to .ischemia/reperfusion. The coronary flow rate was significantly reduced in the ultrafine PM group. In addition, ultrafine and coarse 'PM caused cardiac mitochondrial swelling.
