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Age, Dose, and Time-Dependency of Plasma and Tissue Distribution of Deltamethrine in Immature Rats
Citation:
Kim, K., S. S. Anand, H. J. Kim, C. A. White, J. W. FISHER, R. TORNERO-VELEZ, AND J. V. BRUCKNER. Age, Dose, and Time-Dependency of Plasma and Tissue Distribution of Deltamethrine in Immature Rats. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Society of Toxicology, RESTON, VA, 115(2):354-368, (2010).
Impact/Purpose:
The National Exposure Research Laboratory′s (NERL) Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division (HEASD) conducts research in support of EPA′s mission to protect human health and the environment. HEASD′s research program supports Goal 1 (Clean Air) and Goal 4 (Healthy People) of EPA′s strategic plan. More specifically, our division conducts research to characterize the movement of pollutants from the source to contact with humans. Our multidisciplinary research program produces Methods, Measurements, and Models to identify relationships between and characterize processes that link source emissions, environmental concentrations, human exposures, and target-tissue dose. The impact of these tools is improved regulatory programs and policies for EPA.
Description:
The major objective of this project was to characterize the systemic disposition of the pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DLT), in immature rats, with emphasis on the age-dependence of target organ (brain) dosimetry. Postnatal day (PND) 10, 21, and 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.4, 2 or 10 mg DLT/kg by gavage in glycerol formal. Serial plasma, brain, fat, liver and skeletal muscle samples were collected for up to 510 h and analyzed for DLT and/or 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) content by high-performance liquid chromatography. Toxicokinetic data from previous experiments of the same design with young adult (PND 90) rats (Kim, K.-B., Anand. S.S., Kim, H. J., White, C.A., and Bruckner. J. V. [2008]. Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of deltamethrin in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol. Sci. 101, 197-205) were used to compare to immature rat data. Plasma and tissue DLT levels were inversely related to age. Preweanlings and weanlings showed markedly elevated brain concentrations and pronounced salivation, tremors, choreoathetosis, and eventual fatalities. Plasma DLT levels did not reliably reflect brain levels over time. Plasma:brain ratios were time- and dose-dependent, but apparently not age-dependent. Brain levels were better correlated with the magnitude of salivation and tremors than plasma levels. Hepatic intrinsic clearance of DLT progressively increased during maturation, as did the hepatic extraction ratio. Thus, limited capacity to metabolically inactivate DLT appeared primarily responsible for the inordinately high target organ doses and acute neurotoxicity in pups and weanling rats. Hepatic blood flow was not rate limiting in any age group. Limited DLT hydrolysis was manifest in vivo in the pups by relatively low plasma PBA levels. Elevated exposure of the immature brain to a pyrethroid may prove to be of concequence for long-term, as well as short-term neurotoxicity.
URLs/Downloads:
Age, Dose, and Time-Dependency of Plasma and Tissue Distribution of Deltamethrine in Immature Rats (PDF, NA pp, 6729 KB, about PDF)Toxicological Sciences
