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Colloidal Properties of Aqueous Fullerenes: Isoelectric Points and Aggregation Kinetics of C60 and C60 Derivatives
Citation:
BOUCHARD, D., XIN MA, AND C. W. Isaacson. Colloidal Properties of Aqueous Fullerenes: Isoelectric Points and Aggregation Kinetics of C60 and C60 Derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 43(17):6597-6603, (2009).
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Description:
Aqueous colloidal suspensions of C-60 (aqu/C-60) and the C-60 derivatives PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester) and the corresponding butyl and octyl esters, PCBB and PCBO (aqu/PCB-R, where R is an alkyl group), were produced by stirring in double deionized water for 5 months. Kinetically stable fullerene aggregates were formed using this procedure that ranged in intensity-averaged hydrodynamic diameter (D-h) from 193 +/- 2 nm (95% C.L.) for aqu/C-60 to 259 +/- 6 nm for aqu/PCBO. Measured zeta potentials (zeta) were < -50 mV, and the isoelectric points (pf) were <1.0 for all of the aqu/fullerenes. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TRDLS) was used to measure aqu/fullerene D-h change with time and as a function of background solution ionic strength. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values for the aqu/PCB-R fullerenes were significantly higher than that of aqu/C-60, indicating that the phenyl alkyl ester moieties of the aqu/PCB-R fullerenes were impeding the aggregation process.
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Colloidal Properties of Aqueous Fullerenes: Isoelectric Points and Aggregation Kinetics of C60 and C60 Derivatives