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Rooftop Runoff as a Source of Contamination: A Review
Citation:
LYE, D. J. Rooftop Runoff as a Source of Contamination: A Review. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 407(20):5429-5434, (2009).
Impact/Purpose:
1. Identify animal based procedures that will be useful to better characterize infectivity in virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori. 2. Determine if short-term studies such as repeated intraperitoneal exposures or multiple gavage exposures can be used to determine the capacity of strains to colonize tissues (including the coccoid form). 3. Evaluate animal strains of Helicobacteras possible substitutes for H. pylori virulence capability in infectivity experiments and also as possible zoonotic sources of human infection.
Description:
Scientific reports concerning chemical and microbiological contaminant levels of rainwater runoff from rooftop collection in both urban and rural areas are reviewed. This alternative source of water has been documented to often contain substantial amounts of contaminants. Studies describing levels of heavy metal contamination specific to runoff from rooftop catchment areas containing exposed metal surfaces are discussed. Depending upon the intended use, scientific evidence is also accumulating that various treatments and disinfections will be required prior to release of roof runoff water either into surface waters or for more direct consumer usage. For microbial contamination, current proposed standards and guidelines regarding this type of water source are shown to vary widely worldwide. Scientific literature reveals a lack of clarity regarding water quality guidelines and health related standards for certain types of rooftop runoff. Studies suggests that rainwater collection systems which are properly designed, maintained, and treated may provide a valuable supplement to existing water supplies by reducing demand on community water supplies/infrastructure costs, enhancing effective management of storm water runoff, and increasing restoration of underground reservoirs through controlled infiltration