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Summer Fish Communities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries: Indices of Ecological Condition
Citation:
JORDAN, S. J., M. A. LEWIS, L. C. HARWELL, AND L. R. GOODMAN. Summer Fish Communities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries: Indices of Ecological Condition. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS. Elsevier Science Ltd, New York, NY, 10(2):504-515, (2010).
Impact/Purpose:
Consistent ecological information at large regional scales is essential for evaluating long term changes that may be associated with climate change and sea level rise, increasing human activity in the coastal zone, and biological invasions. This manuscript presents indicators of fish community structure from estuaries throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico, from western Florida to southern Texas, over a discontinuous period of eight years (1992-94 and 2000-2004)
Description:
We used fish community data from trawl samples in >100 estuaries, bayous, and coastal lagoons of the Louisianan Biogeographic Province (Gulf of Mexico) to develop indicators of ecological condition. One data set, from which we derived reference values for fish community indicators, was based on bottom trawl samples collected from 367 randomly-located sites during the summers of 1992-1994. A second trawl data set with similar geographic scope from 2000-2004 was used to test the robustness of the indicators derived from the reference data set to new data. We constructed a fish community index (FCI) from three basic indicators: number of species per trawl, total abundance per trawl, and an index of trophic balance among four common feeding guilds. The FCI was not correlated with salinity over a range from freshwater to marine and hypersaline conditions (0-52 psu). Direct correlations between the index and environmental variables generally were we, although some were significant (p < 0.05). The FCI was negatively associated with water clarity (secchi depth), water column depth, and sediment toxicity. There was a hyperbolic relationship between dissolved oxygen and maximum values of the index, and no significant correlations with (1) watershed Id cover at the whole-estuary or estuary-complex scale, or (2) annual precipitation totals for states bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Values of all indicators increased between the two time periods. The FCI is a broad indicator of ecological condition for estuaries within the Louisianan Province, with data aggregated at scales ranging from large estuaries to the entire region. Sample density was insufficient to judge performance of the indicators or index at smaller scales.