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PFOS and PFOSA in Bottlenose Dolphins: An Investigation into Two Unusually High Mortality Epizootics
Citation:
KUEHL, D. W., R. A. HAEBLER, C. POTTER, G. LAHVIS, M. DONAHUE, AND R. R. REGAL. PFOS and PFOSA in Bottlenose Dolphins: An Investigation into Two Unusually High Mortality Epizootics. Presented at Midwest Chapter of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and The Northland Chapter of the Society of Toxicology Meeting, Duluth, MN, March 31 - April 02, 2008.
Impact/Purpose:
research results
Description:
Along the Atlantic coast of the United States during 1987 and 1988, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) suffered one of this country's largest marine mammal mass mortality events. An estimated 50% of all near-shore bottlenose died during this short period. Two years later a second, although less dramatic, event occurred along the United States coastline of the Gulf of Mexico. The cause of these mortalities is not known for certain; however, morbilliviral infection seemed to have spread rapidly throughout the dolphins. Suppression of the animal's immune system by high concentrations of chemical contaminants was suggested as a contributing factor. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we determined by GC/MS the concentration of many polychlorinated and polybrominated chemicals, such as PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, and brominated flame retardants, as well as mercury, determined by AA, in the affected animals. The development of electrospray ionization LC/MS has now allowed us to re-examine these same dolphin tissues (liver) for the presence of PFOS and a metabolic precursor of PFOS, PFOSA. Concentrations of PFOS in the affected bottlenose were found to be greater than, and statistically different from those found in other species not affected during the epizootics, and to other bottlenose dolphin populations. PFOS concentrations were found to be as great as, or greater than, concentrations of PCBs, 13 chlorinated pesticides, and PBDPEs. PFOS concentrations were generally less than mercury residues. PFOS was found to be readily transferred in utero from mother to fetus.