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‘Greener’ Chemical Syntheses Using Mechanochemical Mixing or Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation
Citation:
VARMA, R. S. ‘Greener’ Chemical Syntheses Using Mechanochemical Mixing or Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation. DOI: 10.1080/1751825, J.C. Warner (ed.), Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews. Taylor & Francis Group, London, Uk, 1(1):37-45, (2007).
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Description:
Various emerging ‘greener’ strategic pathways researched primarily in the author’s own laboratory are summarized. They include solvent-free mechanochemical methods and microwave (MW) exposure of neat reactants (undiluted) catalyzed by the surfaces of less-expensive and recyclable mineral supports such as alumina, silica, clay, or ‘doped’ surfaces. Synthesis of a wide variety of significant precursors and intermediates, namely enones, imines, enamines, nitroalkenes, and oxidized sulfur species, is possible and their value in concise MW synthesis of 2-aroylbenzofurans and thiazole derivatives is illustrated. Ultrasound- and MW-assisted solventless preparation of ionic liquids and their application in alkylation and metal-catalyzed multi-component reactions are described. MW heating in aqueous reaction media enables expeditious N-alkylation reactions of amines and hydrazines to afford a series of heterocyclic ring systems, such as N-azacycloalkanes, 4,5-dihydropyrazoles, and pyrazolidines. A general greener approach to shape-selective generation of nanomaterials is summarized including their potential application as nanocomposites.
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‘Greener’ Chemical Syntheses Using Mechanochemical Mixing or Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation