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LUNG INJURY IS INDUCED BY INSOLUBLE AND TOTAL BUT NOT SOLUBLE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) COLLECTED IN MEXICO CITY
Citation:
VIZCAYA-RUIZ, A., A. OSORNIO-VARGAS, M. SCHLADWEILER, A. D. LEDBETTER, J. E. RICHARDS, J. K. MCGEE, R. H. JASKOT, AND U. P. KODAVANTI. LUNG INJURY IS INDUCED BY INSOLUBLE AND TOTAL BUT NOT SOLUBLE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) COLLECTED IN MEXICO CITY. Presented at Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, March 16 - 20, 2008.
Impact/Purpose:
To investigate the relationship of ambient air PM exposure to adverse cardiopulmonary health effects;
Description:
Exposure to ambient air PM has been associated with adverse cardiopulmonary health effects; however, causative components have not been identified. The solubility of PM constituents and their bioavalability may influence their toxicity. Chemically characterized PM10 and PM2.5 from the north and PM10 from the south of Mexico City were tested for their in vivo acute lung toxicity. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (14 weeks) were intratracheally instilled with either saline or one of three PM sample (soluble, insoluble or total PM suspension) at 3 mg/ml (3 mg/kg). Pulmonary injury and inflammation were determined by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and correlated with soluble, insoluble or total PM. All insoluble fractions and total PM suspensions induced remarkable inflammation evidenced by the increases in BALF protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. These effects were accompanied by an increase in BALF total cells and neutrophils and a reduction in macrophage population. Saline-leachable fraction of any of the PM samples did not cause significant injury or inflammation. In addition, acute lung injury and inflammation were similar for all types of PM regardless of their geographical location or size. The effects observed at 24 h were still apparent at 72 h. There were no effects on circulating inflammatory cells or hematological parameters. Thus, there were no remarkable differences in the toxicity of ambient PM collected at different locations in Mexico City. Unlike metal laden residual oil fly ash particles, the ambient PM toxicity appears to be residing primarily in the insoluble fraction. (Does not reflect US EPA policy). Supported in part by EPA/UNC cooperative agreement #CR83346301).