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MEETING IN INDIANAPOLIS: CHLORINATED VS. CHLORAMINATED DRINKING WATER: TOXICITY-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF DBPS USING ESI-MS AND ESI-MS/MS
Citation:
RICHARDSON, S. D., F. G. CRUMLEY, F. FASANO, M. J. PLEWA, E. D. WAGNER, L. N. WILLIAMSON, M. G. BARTLETT, T. H. MIZE, P. M. ANGEL, AND R. ORLANDO. MEETING IN INDIANAPOLIS: CHLORINATED VS. CHLORAMINATED DRINKING WATER: TOXICITY-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF DBPS USING ESI-MS AND ESI-MS/MS. Presented at 55th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry, Indianapolis, IN, June 03 - 07, 2007.
Impact/Purpose:
(1) Use a toxicity-based approach to prioritize and identify DBPs that show the greatest toxic response. (2) Comprehensively identify DBPs formed by different disinfectant regimes for the 'Four Lab Study'. (3) Determine the mechanisms of formation for potentially hazardous bromonitromethane DBPs.
Description:
Drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) are of concern because some epidemiologic studies have shown that they are associated with cancer or adverse reproductive/developmental effects in human populations. While more than 500 DBPs have been reported in drinking water, there is almost no information on high molecular weight DBPs (>1000 Da), which are included to comprise >50% of the total organic halide (TOX) from chlorinated drinking water. None of these high molecular weight halogenated by-products have ever been precisely identified, and there is no information on potential toxicity of this high molecular weight fraction. The goal of this research is to use a bio-assay directed approach to focus identification work on the most toxicologically important DBPs. FT-MS analyses of drinking water fractions revealed negative mass defects in ions for chlorinated and chloraminated water, whereas positive mass defects were observed for the raw, non-treated drinking water. In addition, halogen patterns were evident in the ultra-high resolution mass spectral data, and loses of HCl, HBr, and CO2 were evident in the MS/MS spectra. Genotoxicity results of the molecular weight fractions of chlorinated and chloraminated water revealed the <1 kDa fraction to be the most genotoxic. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the >5 kDa fraction was the least toxic of the molecular weight fractions of drinking water.