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EVALUATION OF MURINE NOROVIRUS, FELINE CALICIVIRUS, POLIOVIRUS, AND MS2 AS SURROGATES FOR HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN a Model of Viral Persistence in SURFACE Water AND GROUNDWATER
Citation:
BAE, J. AND K. J. SCHWAB. EVALUATION OF MURINE NOROVIRUS, FELINE CALICIVIRUS, POLIOVIRUS, AND MS2 AS SURROGATES FOR HUMAN NOROVIRUS IN a Model of Viral Persistence in SURFACE Water AND GROUNDWATER. doi:10.1128/AEM.0209, L.N. Ornston (ed.), APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, 74(2):477-484, (2008).
Impact/Purpose:
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Description:
Human noroviruses (NoV) are a significant cause of non bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide with contaminated drinking water a potential transmission route. The absence of a cell culture infectivity model for NoV necessitates the use of molecular methods and/or viral surrogate models amenable to cell culture to predict NoV inactivation. The NoV surrogates murine norovirus (MNV), feline calicivirus (FCV), poliovirus (PV), and male specific coliphage MS2 in conjunction with Norwalk virus (NV) were spiked into surface water (n=9) and ground water (n=6). Viral persistence was monitored at 25°C and 4°C by periodically analyzing virus infectivity (for all surrogate viruses) and nucleic acid (NA) for all tested viruses. FCV infectivity reduction rates were significantly faster than those of the other surrogate viruses. Infectivity reduction rates were significantly faster than NA reduction rates at 25°C (0.18 and 0.09 log10/d for FCV; 0.13 and 0.10 log10/d for PV; 0.12 and 0.06 log10/d for MS2; 0.09 and 0.05 log10/d for MNV) but not significant at 4°C. Using a multiple linear regression model, NV NA reduction rate (0.04± 0.01 log10/d) was not significantly different from NA reduction rates of MS2 (0.05± 0.03 log10/d) and MNV (0.04± 0.03 log10/d), and were significantly different from those of FCV (0.08± 0.03 log10/d) and PV (0.09± 0.03 log10/d) at 25°C. In conclusion, MNV shows great promise as a human NoV surrogate due to its genetic similarity and environmental stability. FCV was much less stable and thus questionable as an adequate surrogate for human NoVs in surface and groundwater.
