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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF DOSE-EFFECT AND DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
Citation:
MOFFETT, D. B., H. A. EL-MASRI, AND B. A. FOWLER. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF DOSE-EFFECT AND DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS. 3rd Edition, Chapter 6, G. & M. Nordberg (ed.), Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Academic Press Incorporated, Orlando, FL, , 101-116, (2007).
Impact/Purpose:
By invitation
Description:
ABSTRACT In 2003, the International Union of Pure and Applied chemistry (IUPAC) issued a glossary of terms that included the defi nition of dose-effect and doseresponse relationships (Nordberg et al., 2004). Dose effect relationship is defined as an association between dose and the resulting magnitude of a continuously graded change, either in an individual or in a population. Dose-response relationship is an association between dose and the incidence of a defi ned biological effect in an exposed population usually expressed as a percentage. In this chapter, we introduce the concepts of dose, response, effect, and the relationships between them and the curves that illustrate them. Modeling the dose-response relationships, comparing the shapes of the curves, and modeling the data are also addressed. Thoughtful discussion is given to species extrapolations, including the complexities of gaining statistical power with limited-sized animal experiments. Benchmark dose is also introduced as an alternative method to NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) to determine an allowable exposure to toxic chemicals.
