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PESTICIDE MEASUREMENTS FROM THE FIRST NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SURVEY OF CHILD CARE CENTERS USING A MULTI-RESIDUE GC/MS ANALYSIS METHOD
Citation:
TULVE, N. S., P. A. JONES, M. G. NISHIOKA, R. C. FORTMANN, C. W. CROGHAN, J. ZHOU, A. FRASER, C. CAVE, AND W. FRIEDMAN. PESTICIDE MEASUREMENTS FROM THE FIRST NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SURVEY OF CHILD CARE CENTERS USING A MULTI-RESIDUE GC/MS ANALYSIS METHOD. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 40(20):6269-6274, (2006).
Impact/Purpose:
The outputs from this research program will provide critical data needed to fill existing data gaps in exposure and risk assessments for children, refine methods for assessing aggregate exposure, provide inputs for exposure models, identify new and emerging chemicals of interest, and be used to develop the future direction for research on new and emerging exposure issues. The results from this research program will be used by the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT), the Office of Children's Health Protection (OCHP), the National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), Regions, state and local agencies, industry, and academic researchers to provide critical data needed to fill existing data gaps for exposure and risk assessments and to develop new risk management strategies and methods.
Description:
The US Department of Housing and Urban Development, in collaboration with the US Consumer Product Safety Commission and the US Environmental Protection Agency, characterized the environments of young children (<6 years) by measuring lead, allergens, and pesticides in a randomly-selected nationally representative sample of licensed institutional child care centers. Multi-stage sampling with clustering was used to select 168 child care centers in 30 primary sampling units in the US. Centers were recruited into the study by telephone interviewers. Samples for pesticides, lead, and allergens were collected at multiple locations in each center by field technicians. Field sampling was conducted from July through October, 2001. Wipe samples from indoor surfaces (floors, tabletops, desks) and soil samples were collected at the centers and analyzed using a multi-residue GC/MS analysis method. Based on the questionnaire responses, pyrethroids were the most commonly used pesticides among centers applying pesticides. Among the 63% of centers reporting pesticide applications, the number of pesticides used in each center ranged from 1 to 10 and the frequency of use ranged from 1 to 107 times annually. Numerous organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides were detected in the indoor floor wipe samples. Chlorpyrifos (0.004-28 ng/cm2), diazinon (0.002-18 ng/cm2), cispermethrin (0.004-3 ng/cm2), and trans-permethrin (0.004-7 ng/cm2) were detected in >67% of the centers. Associations exist between residues measured on the floor and other surfaces for several pesticides (p-values range from <0.0001 to 0.002), but to a lesser degree between floor and soil and other surfaces and soil. Regional analyses indicate no differences in mean level of pesticide loading between the four Census regions (0.08 < p < 0.88). Results show that there is the potential for exposure to pesticides in child care centers.