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RELEASE OF IL-8 AND IL-6 BY BEAS-2B CELLS FOLLOWING IN VITRO EXPOSURE TO BIODIESEL PM EXTRACTS
Citation:
SWANSON, K., M. C. MADDEN, A. J. GHIO, AND N. Y. KADO. RELEASE OF IL-8 AND IL-6 BY BEAS-2B CELLS FOLLOWING IN VITRO EXPOSURE TO BIODIESEL PM EXTRACTS. Presented at Society of Toxicology 46th Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, March 26 - 29, 2007.
Description:
Abstract Body: Biodiesel, an alkyl ester of plant oils that can be used in an unmodified diesel engine, is a renewable fuel alternative which show signs of becoming a commercially accepted part of our nation¿s energy infrastructure. Biodiesel exhaust has been physicochemically characterized, but little evaluation of the inflammatory potential of biodiesel emission Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) has been performed. BEAS-2B cells, a transformed airway epithelial cell line, were exposed in vitro for 24 hr to the SOF emissions extracts from 2 petroleum diesel particulate matter (PM) samples [Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1975) and Phillips D2], hydrogenated soy ethyl ester (HySEE) PM, and soy methyl ester (SME) PM. Our data suggest HySEE and SME extracts are more potent inflammatory stimulants than SRM 1975 and D2 SOF on a mass PM equivalent per ml media (µg PM eq/ml) basis, an extracted material unit. The SOF extracts of biodiesel PM in an aqueous solution increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 by BEAS cells relative to control (vehicle exposed) cells. The SOF of HySEE and SME biodiesel begins to elicit a cytokine response in BEAS cells at approximately 40 µg PM eq/ml, whereas SRM 1975 increased IL-8 and IL-6 at 922 µg PM eq/ml (about 25 µg SOF extractable material/ml). The exposure range tested for all SOF was not cytotoxic. It was also noted that the solvent exchange method utilized may not be appropriate for the investigation of biodiesel extracts, though it has been used extensively in petroleum diesel PM research. More research is required to characterize the potency of the SOF of biodiesel PM from different sources (e.g., vegetation type) and run conditions (e.g., engine load) compared to petroleum diesel PM. This research was supported in part by the NHEERL-DESE Cooperative Training in Environmental Sciences Research, EPA CT826513. This abstract of a proposed presentation and does not necessarily reflect EPA policy.