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PROCESS DESIGN MANUAL FOR LAND TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
Citation:
SMITH, J. E. PROCESS DESIGN MANUAL FOR LAND TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/625/R-06/016, 2006.
Impact/Purpose:
To inform the public.
Description:
The USEPA guidance on land treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater is updated for the first time since 1984. The significant new technilogical changes include phytoremediation, vadose zone monitoring, new design approaches to surface irrigation, center pivot irrigation, drip and micro-sprinkler irrigation, and capital and operating costs. New performance data on soil-aquifer treatment, a rational movel for balancing oxygen uptake with BOD loadings, and induatrial wastewater land application guidance, emphasizing treatment of food processing wastewater, are in the manual. The costs and energy use of land treatment technologies are updated. Slow rate land treatment remains the most popular type of land treatment system. Many slow rate systems are now designed as water reuse systems. Trends in distribution have been toward sprinkler and drip irrigation systems. A CD containing copies of earlier editions of this land treatment manual and the latest manual for water reuse accompanies the document.