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MODEST THYROID HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY DURING DEVELOPMENT INDUCES A CELLULAR MALFORMATION IN THE CORPUS CALLOSUM: A MODEL OF CORTICAL DYSPLASIA.
Citation:
GILBERT, M. E. AND J. H. GOODMAN. MODEST THYROID HORMONE INSUFFICIENCY DURING DEVELOPMENT INDUCES A CELLULAR MALFORMATION IN THE CORPUS CALLOSUM: A MODEL OF CORTICAL DYSPLASIA. ENDOCRINOLOGY. Endocrine Society, 148(6):2593-2597, (2007).
Impact/Purpose:
The present study examined the impact of graded levels of thyroid hormone insufficiency on brain development in rodents
Description:
There is a growing body of evidence that subtle decreases in maternal thyroid hormone during gestation can impact fetal brain development. The present study examined the impact of graded levels of thyroid hormone insufficiency on brain development in rodents. Maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency was induced by exposing timed-pregnant dams to propylthiouracil (PTU) at doses of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 10ppm in the drinking water, from gestational day (GD) 6 through weaning on postnatal day (PN) 30. An examination of Nissl-stained sections of the brains from developmentally hypothyroid offspring sacrificed on PN 23 revealed the presence of a heretofore unreported bilateral cellular malformation, a heterotopia, positioned within the white matter of the corpus callosum of both hemispheres. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine that this heterotopia primarily consists of neurons born between gestational days (GD) 17-19 and exhibits a dose-dependent increase in size with decreases in thyroid hormone levels. Importantly, this structural abnormality is evident at modest levels of maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency (~40% reductions in T4 with no change in T3), persists in adult offspring despite a return to normal hormonal status, and is dramatically reduced in size with prenatal thyroid hormone replacement. Developmental exposure to methimazole, another goitrogen, also induced formation of this heterotopia. While the long-term consequence of this cortical malformation on brain function remains to be determined, the presence of the heterotopia underscores the critical role thyroid hormone plays in brain development during the prenatal period and provides a new model in which to study mechanisms of cortical development and cortical dysplasia.
