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EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR IN SITU CLEANUP OF DNAPL CONTAMINATED SITES
Citation:
Grubb, D. G. AND N. Sitar. EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR IN SITU CLEANUP OF DNAPL CONTAMINATED SITES. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-94/120, 1994.
Impact/Purpose:
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Description:
Ground water contamination by non-aqueous phase liquids poses one of the greatest remedial challenges in the field of environmental engineering. Denser-than-water non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are especially problematic due to their low water solubility, high density, and capillary forces arising from interfacial tension between the DNAPLs and water. As a result, conventional pump-and-treat technologies have met poor success in remediation of DNAPL contaminated aquifers. In fact, in certain situations, conventional pump-and-treat methods may actually extend existing contamination into previously uncontaminated areas. The problems associated with current pump-and-treat remedial approaches have served as the impetus to develop alternative technologies to accelerate in-situ DNAPL contamination remediation. This report provides a review and technical evaluation of in-situ technologies for remediation of DNAPL contamination occurring below the ground-water table. Various in-situ technologies are reviewed and are evaluated on the basis of their theoretical background, field implementation, level of demonstration and performance, waste, technical and site applicability/limitations, and cost and availability.