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PREVENTION REFERENCE MANUAL: CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL. 2. POST-RELEASE MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF AIR TOXICS
Citation:
Davis, D. S., G. B. DeWolf, K. A. Ferland, D. L. Harper, R. C. Keeney, AND J. D. Quass. PREVENTION REFERENCE MANUAL: CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL. 2. POST-RELEASE MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF AIR TOXICS. , EPA/600/8-87/039B, 1987.
Impact/Purpose:
Information.
Description:
The volume discusses prevention and protection measures for controlling accidental releases of air toxics. The probability of accidental releases depends on the extent to which deviations (in magnitude and duration) in the process can be tolerated before a loss of chemical containment. Developing a satisfactory control system and equipment capable of withstanding deviations requires adherence to sound process and physical plant design principles and to appropriate procedures and management practices. A process can be controlled by manipulating flow, temperature, pressure, composition, and quantity. A control system can be improved by improving the quality, specifications, and maintenance of physical components, and by duplicating components where warranted. The probability of equipment failure (causing a release) can be reduced by considering various aspects of physical plant design. Whereas process design involves process operating conditions, physical plant design involves hardware, equipment components, and their placement within a unit or plant. A third way to reduce the probability of a release is to maintain proper management practices and personnel training procedures. Finally, protection system technologies (e.g., flares, scrubbers, and enclosures) offer a last line of defense against accidental toxic chemical releases.