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ASSESSING UST CORRECTIVE ACTION TECHNOLOGIES: IN SITU SVE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR FREE PRODUCT RECOVERY AND RESIDUAL HYDROCARBON REMOVAL
Citation:
Beljin*, M S., R. Chaudet, D. Graves, J. Schubert, AND J. Tyburski. ASSESSING UST CORRECTIVE ACTION TECHNOLOGIES: IN SITU SVE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR FREE PRODUCT RECOVERY AND RESIDUAL HYDROCARBON REMOVAL. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-96/042 (NTIS PB96-163605), 1996.
Impact/Purpose:
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Description:
The number of confirmed releases of petroleum products from underground storage tank (UST) systems has increased significantly since promulgation of the final UST regulations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in December 1988. This increase has outpaced the resources of both industry and government to clean up and close these sites. At sites where cleanups have begun, the selection of inappropriate corrective action technologies has often contributed to the increased cleanup times and costs. A common approach to corrective action may involve the use of a favored technology, which alone does not fully achieve the remedial goals. When corrective action options are evaluated, the different contaminants present in different matrices and in different physical states must be considered along with their location, amount, and mobility. Therefore, the use of multiple corrective action technologies in an integrated system may be needed to effectively remove these contaminants from locations of concern. This manual presents the data, methods, and tools required for evaluating free product or nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) recovery and soil-vapor-extraction (SVE)-based systems. The SVE-based systems examined include soil vapor extraction, bioventing, and air sparging. In addition, an overview of natural attenuation/biodegradation is also provided. The manual is intended to provide assistance in developing a conceptual understanding of the factors influencing hydrocarbon migration and retention in the subsurface and to identify key process parameters that are used to select, design, and monitor corrective action systems.