You are here:
THE CASE FOR THE CONTRIBUTION OF CRISTAIS RIVER NITRO-AMINOBENZENE DYES TO THE MUTAGENICITY OF AMBIENT SAMPLES
Citation:
UMBUZEIRO, G., H. S. FREEMAN, S. H. WARREN, D. P. OLIVEIRA, P. SALDIVA, AND L. D. CLAXTON. THE CASE FOR THE CONTRIBUTION OF CRISTAIS RIVER NITRO-AMINOBENZENE DYES TO THE MUTAGENICITY OF AMBIENT SAMPLES. Presented at VII Brazilian Congress for Environmental Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity, Natal, BRAZIL, May 03 - 06, 2005.
Description:
In order to verify if dyestuffs within an effluent of a textile industry was contributing to the systematic mutagenicity detected in the Cristais River, within the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, mutagenic samples of the industrial effluent, crude water, and treated silt of the water treatment plant (~6 km downstream of the industrial site) were chemically characterized. Analyses with thin layer chromatography indicated the presence of three dyes prevalent in all the samples, except for the treated water sample. This combination of dyes corresponded to a black commercial dye for the industry, that presented mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. The structures of the dyes of this commercial product were determined using magnetic nuclear resonance and mass spectrometry. The blue component was identified as the C.I. Disperse Blue 373, the violet as C.I. Disperse Violet 93, and the orange as C.I. Disperse Orange 37. The dyes were tested separately and gave activities of 6,300, 4,600, and 280 revertants/�g for the YG1041 with S9, respectively. Besides these dyes, some mutagenic aromatic amines were preliminarily identified in all the tested samples and in the water treated for human consumption. It was possible to conclude that there are nitro-aminoazobenzenes contributing directly to the mutagenic activity found in the samples of river water and sludge. The dyes also seemed to be contributing indirectly to the mutagenicity detected in the treated water, because when experiments chlorinating the black commercial dyes were done, mutagenic nitrogeonous products were generated, with mutagenic and chromatographic profiles similar to the treated Cristais River water. Additionally, in situ tests for verification of micronuclei in the germ cells of Pallida Tradescantia were done for one river sample and an increase of the frequency of micronuclei was observed at a location downstream of textile industry. With these results, we recommend that the dyes in effluents of this industrial category be better characterized toxicologically before they are released into the environment especially at locations where the water is used for human consumption. More effective treatments, that remove dyes as well as mutagenicity, would have to be used by the textile industries to minimize possible adverse effect on the health of humans and biota. Financial Support: FAPESP, CAPES, USEPA Disclaimer: This is a computer plus self (LDC) translation of the original abstract. It is provided for general information only, should not be regarded as entirely complete nor accurate. It is given only so English readers may have a general understanding of the abstract.