You are here:
CHARACTERIZATION OF PM-10 EMISSIONS FROM ANTISKID MATERIALS APPLIED TO ICE- AND SNOW-COVERED ROADWAYS - PHASE II
Citation:
Kinsey*, J. CHARACTERIZATION OF PM-10 EMISSIONS FROM ANTISKID MATERIALS APPLIED TO ICE- AND SNOW-COVERED ROADWAYS - PHASE II. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-95/119, 1995.
Impact/Purpose:
information
Description:
The report gives results of field sampling on 47th Street in Kansas City, MO, during February and March 1993 to quantify the PM-10 emissions associated with the use of rock salt (NaCl) for ice and snow control. A baseline test was conducted in September 1993. The emissions were determined using exposure profiling. The measured emission factors spanned the following ranges, in grams per vehicle kilometers traveled (g/kvt): (1) total PM-10 -- 0.2 to 1.7 (winter tests), and 3.9 to 4.9 (September test); (2) PM-10 lead -- 7.5 X 10 to the -5 to 4.5 X 10 to the -4 (winter tests); and (3) PM-10 NaCl -- 0.014 to 0.039 (winter tests). The winter emission factors for total PM-10 determined in this study were about an order of magnitude lower than those measured in the 1992 Duluth study, which utilized a 90% sand/10% salt antiskid material. The studies concluded that the sand from the antiskid material mixture that remained after the road had dried constituted most of the silt loading and, therefore, the PM-10 emission impact. The rock salt, removed from the road mostly in the melting slush, contributed only a few percent to the residual silt loading.