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EVALUATION OF MASS FLUX TO AND FROM GROUND WATER USING A VERTICAL FLUX MODEL (VFLUX): APPLICATION TO THE SOIL VACUUM EXTRACTION CLOSURE PROBLEM
Citation:
DiGiulio*, D C., V. Ravi, AND M. L. Brusseau. EVALUATION OF MASS FLUX TO AND FROM GROUND WATER USING A VERTICAL FLUX MODEL (VFLUX): APPLICATION TO THE SOIL VACUUM EXTRACTION CLOSURE PROBLEM. GROUNDWATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION. Wiley InterScience, Silver Spring, MD, 19(2):96-104, (1999).
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Description:
Site closure for soil vacuum extraction (SVE) application typically requires attainment of specified soil concentration standards based on the premise that mass flux from the vadose zone to ground water not result in levels exceeding maximum contaminant levels (MCLSs). Unfortunately, realization of MCLs in ground water may not be attainable at many sites. This results in soil remediation efforts that may be in excess of what is necessary for future protection of ground water and soil remediation goals which often cannot be achieved within a reasonable time period. Soil venting practitioners have attempted to circumvent these problems by basing closure on some predefined percent total mass removal, or an approach to a vapor concentration asymptote. These approaches, however, are subjective and influenced by venting design. We propose an alternative strategy based on evaluation of five components: (1) site characterization, (2) design, (3) performance monitoring, (4) rate-limited vapor transport, and (5) mass flux to and from ground water. Demonstration of closure is dependent on satisfactory assessment of all five components. The focus of this paper is to support mass flux evaluation. We present a plan based on monitoring of three subsurface zones and develop an analytical one-dimensional vertical flux model we term VFLUX. VFLUX is a significant improvement over the well-known numerical one-dimensional model. VLEACH, which is often used for estimation of mass flux to ground water, because it allows for the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soil, degradation, and a time-dependent boundary condition at the water table interface. The time-dependent boundary condition is the center-piece of our mass flux approach because it dynamically links performance of ground water remediation to SVE closure. Progress or lack of progress in ground water remediation results in either increasingly or decreasingly stringent closure requirements, respectively.
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EVALUATION OF MASS FLUX TO AND FROM GROUND WATER USING A VERTICAL FLUX MODEL (VFLUX): APPLICATION TO THE SOIL VACUUM EXTRACTION CLOSURE PROBLEM