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SOURCES OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR FATE DURING LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES
Citation:
Gerba, C. P. AND J E. Smith* Jr. SOURCES OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR FATE DURING LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES. Pierzynski, G.M. (ed.), ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, 34(1):42-48, (2005).
Impact/Purpose:
to publish information
Description:
The hazards associated with pathogens in land-applied animal and human wastes have long been recognized. Management of these risks requires an understanding of sources, concentrations, and removal by processes that may be used to treat the wastes; survival in the environment; and exposure to sensitive populations. The major sources are animal feeding operations, municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents, biosolids, and on-site treatment systems. More than 150 known enteric pathogens may be present in the untreated wastes, with one new enteric pathogen being discovered every year over the past decade. There has been increasing demand that risks associated with the land treatment and application be better defined. For risks to be quantified, more data is needed on the concentrations of these pathogens in these wastes, the effectiveness of treatment processes, standardization of detection methodology, and a better quantification of exposure.
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SOURCES OF PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR FATE DURING LAND APPLICATION OF WASTES