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CRITERIA AND AIR TOXIC EMISSIONS FROM IN-USE, LOW EMISSION VEHICLES (LEVS)
Citation:
Baldauf, R W., W. Crews, R. Snow, J. R. Cook, AND P A. Gabele. CRITERIA AND AIR TOXIC EMISSIONS FROM IN-USE, LOW EMISSION VEHICLES (LEVS). JOURNAL OF AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION. Air & Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA, 55(9):1263-1268, (2005).
Impact/Purpose:
The main research question guiding this task is "how do mobile source emissions impact public health and the environment." The main objectives of this task include:
(1) Identify spatial and temporal variability in pollutant concentrations near major mobile source emission locations such as urban roadways and non-road activities.
(2) Characterize real-world emissions from on- and non-road mobile sources for use in identifying hazardous components and developing and improving mobile source emissions and human exposure models.
(3) Develop mobile source emission profiles and markers for use in human exposure and air quality receptor models.
(4) Determine the impact of emerging technologies (fuels and engine systems) on emissions and exposures to toxic pollutants.
(5) Develop and improve analytical methods that measure emissions from mobile sources.
Description:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency implemented a program to identify tailpipe emissions of criteria and air toxic contaminants from in-use, light-duty Low Emission Vehicles (LEVs). EPA recruited twenty-five LEVs in 2002, and measured emissions on a chassis dynamometer using the cold-start Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) of the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). The emissions measured included regulated pollutants, particulate matter, speciated hydrocarbon compounds, and carbonyl compounds.
The results provided a comparison of emissions from real world LEVs with emission standards for criteria and air toxic compounds. Emission measurements indicated that a portion of the in-use fleet tested exceeded standards for the criteria gases. Real-time regulated and speciated hydrocarbon measurements demonstrated that the majority of emissions occurred during the initial phases of the cold start portion of the UDDS. Overall, the study provided updated emission factor data for real world, in-use operation of LEVs for improved emissions modeling and mobile source inventory development.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, funded and managed the research described in this manuscript. It has been subject to Agency review, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation of use.