Mobile sources are responsible for a substantial controllable portion of the reactive organic carbon (ROC) emitted to the atmosphere, especially in urban environments of the United States. We update existing methods for calculating mobile source organic particle and vapor emissio...

Adding new unit operations to drinking water treatment systems requires consideration of not only efficacy for its design purpose but also cost, water quality characteristics, impact on overall regulatory compliance, and impact of other treatment unit operations. Here, pilot stud...

Eutrophication and excessive algal growth pose a threat on aquatic organisms and the health of the public, environment, and the economy. Understanding what drives excessive algal growth can inform mitigation measures and aid in advance planning to minimize impacts....

Advances in satellite retrieval of aerosol type can improve the accuracy of near-surface air quality characterization by providing broad regional context and decreasing metric uncertainties and errors. The frequent, spatially extensive and radiometrically consistent instantaneous...

Railyards are important transportation hubs, and they are often situated near populated areas with high co-located density of manufacturing, freight movement and commercial enterprises. Emissions occurring within railyards can affect nearby air quality. To better understand the a...

Source water quality greatly impacts the efficacy of water treatment unit processes and the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) such as chloroform and bromoform. Current models of water treatment plant performance may not accurately capture how source water quality variation, suc...

Individuals and institutions seeking to reduce travel-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by changing travel modes need information on the amount of CO2 that might be avoided by train travel rather than air travel. This study uses flight emissions data from the International C...

Adverse human health effects including cardiovascular and respiratory effects and premature mortality are linked to human exposures to ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM), including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5). Anthropogeni...

The rail network in the US is the largest network within any single country at 140,000 miles of Class 1 tracks. The network is predominantly focused on freight traffic with the exception of key passenger corridors along the eastern seaboard and in the upper Midwest. This extens...

Epidemiological data suggest that a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to increased susceptibility to some environmental toxicants. The lack of adequate exercise combined with poor dietary choices are considered to be primary causes of obesity. To study the impact of an active ve...

Rail yards are critical nodes in the freight transportation network and locations of clustered emission sources. When people reside in close proximity to an active rail yard, the near-field effect of rail yard emissions is of concern. Field characterization of near-rail yard ai...

This paper presents the first National Emissions Inventory (NEI) of fine particulate matter (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) that includes the full suite of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> trace elements (atomic number >10) measured at ambient monitoring sites across the U.S. PM <SUB>2.5</SUB> emissions in ...

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of residual soot and copper combustor deposits on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during the combustion of a chlorinated waste. In a bench-scale set...

In September 1997, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) co-sponsored a demonstration of several multimetal continuous emission monitos (CEMs). The demonstration, performed at the EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air P...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the Toronto Harbour Commissioners (THC), conducted a Superfund InnovativeTechnology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration of the THC Soil Recycle Treatment Train. The treatment train consists of three technologies op...

A 3-D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey at 50 MHz center frequency was conducted at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, to define the topography of the base of a shallow aquifer. The site for the survey was Chemical Disposal Pit #2 where there are many man-made features that generate ...

A pilot-scale soil washing process, patented by BioTrol, Inc., was demonstrate on soil contaminated by wood treating waste, primarily pentachlorophenol (PCP) and creosote-derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although soil washing was the main object of this demonstra...

Laboratory study was carried out to investigate the secondary organic aerosol products from photooxidation of the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene. The laboratory experiments consisted of irradiating toluene/propylene/NOX/air mixtures in a smog chamber operated in the dynamic mode...

Analysis of mercury (Hg) speciation in combustion flue gases is often accomplished in standardized sampling trains in which the sample is passed sequentially through a series of aqueous solutions to capture and separate oxidized Hg (Hg2+) and elemental Hg (Hgo). Such methods incl...

The loading characteristics of the USEPA WINS (Well Impactor Ninety Six) PM2.5 separator was an important design consideration during the separator's development. In recognition that all inertial separators eventually overload, the loading surface of the WINS was designed to be...

Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) from incinerators and other stationary combustion sources are of environmental concern because of the toxicity of certain PCDD/PCDF congeners. Measurement of trace levels of PCDDs/PCDFs...

The first known program to characterize mobile heavy diesel vehicle emissions for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) during highway and in-city driving routes was successfully conducted. The post-muffler exhaust of a diesel tractor haul...