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Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease) is a pathological condition that may alter xenobiotic metabolism, thereby increasing susceptibility to environmental toxicants. Here we used a metabolically competent human liver-derived cell line – HepaRG – to model steatosis f...

The Flint Hills of eastern Kansas and northern Oklahoma is home to the largest remaining contiguous grassland prairie in the United States. Throughout the prairie, burning is a common practice used to preserve the prairie from encroachment of woody species such as eastern Red Ced...

Ecosystem services (ES) are defined as the outputs of ecological processes that contribute to human welfare or have the potential to do so in the future, and include the production of food and drinking water, purification of air and water, pollination, and nutrient cycling. The n...

Because of natural environmental and faunal differences and scientific perspectives, numerous indices of biological integrity (IBIs) have been developed at local state, and regional scales in the USA. These multiple IBIs, plus different criteria for judging impairment, hinder ri...

Every ecosystem is subject to multiple stressors arising from the interactions of biological, physical, and socioeconomic processes (e.g. exploitation and development). These stressors and their interactions need to be identified if risks associated with a planned activity are to...

Ecological restoration projects are a means to restore natural systems to a functional state where they can once again provide benefits to people. Decision makers can prioritize restoration projects based on the ability of proposed sites to provide benefits to people, allowing be...

A map of ecoregions of the Upper Midwest States was compiled to give managers of aquatic and terrestrial resources a better understanding of the regional patterns of attainable quality of these resources. The ecoregions represent areas that are relatively homogeneous in patterns ...

A four step approach was developed for evaluating toxicity data on a chemical mixture for consistency with dose addition. Following the concepts in the U.S. EPA mixture guidance (EPA 2000), toxicologic interaction for a defined mixture (all components known) is departure from a c...

Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including haloacetic acids (HAAs), are formed when oxidizing disinfectants react with inorganic and organic matter in water. Drinking water is assayed routinely for 9 HAAs (HAA9): chloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, bromo-, dibromo-, tribrorno-, bromoc...

Disinfection of water decreases waterborne disease. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed by the reaction of oxidizing disinfectants with inorganic and organic materials in the source water. The U.S. EPA regulates five haloacetic acid (HAA) DBPs as a mixture. The objective ...

DOSE ADDITIVITY OF ATRAZINE AND BROMODICHLOROMETHANE IN CAUSING<br>PREGNANCY LOSS IN F344 RATS.<br><br>AUTHORS (ALL): Narotsky, Michael G1; Best, Deborah S1; Bielmeier, Susan R2; Cooper, Ralph L1<br>SPONSOR NAME: James E Andrews<br><br>INSTITUTIONS (ALL): <br>1. Reproductive Toxi...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin) is often called the most toxic man-made compound. However, it is but the prototype for a family of structurally related compounds which have a common mechanism of action, induce a common spectrum of biological responses, and are...

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Traditional data sources for cancer risk assessment are resource-intensive, retrospective, and not feasible for the vast majority of environmental chemicals. Incorporation of quantitative genomic data from short-term rodent studies may adequately define protective thresholds for ...

Early-life environmental exposures to developmental neurotoxicants carries a risk for children&rsquo;s health. Studies have shown associations between neurotoxicant exposure and increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), such as autism spectrum and attention-deficit di...

The US Environmental Protection Agency&rsquo;s ToxCast program has generated toxicity data for thousands of chemicals. However, it is recognized that the current panel of assays does not adequately assess the potential for chemical neurotoxicity. Networks of neurons grown on micr...

The potential for environmental chemicals to produce birth defects is largely unknown. Mouse embryonic stem cells were used to profile the bioactivity of chemicals on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List 4 (CCL4). Differentiation and cytotoxicity were evaluated for 81 non-volatile ...

Black carbon (BC) is ubiquitous in pelagic sediments and presumed to have an older radiocarbon age due to long ocean residence times and pre-aging in terrestrial soils. Here, we analyzed sediments from five regions in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to quantify the black carbon fr...

Statistically assessing ecological models is inherently difficult because data are autocorrelated and this autocorrelation varies in an unknown fashion. At a simple level, the linking of a single species to a habitat type is a straightforward analysis. With some investigation int...

As part of a demonstration project focusing on the Common Loon (Gavia immer), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory is using a matrix population modeling framework to integrate demographic information for extrapol...

EPA H2O is an open source Geographic Information System (GIS) based demonstration tool, used for assessing Ecosystem Services (ES) at local to regional scales. EPA H2O was developed as a preliminary assessment tool in support of research being conducted in the Tampa Bay, FL USA w...

Hepatic carboxylesterases (Ces) catalyze the metabolism of drugs, environmental toxicants, and endogenous lipids and are known to be regulated by multiple nuclear receptors. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic fluorochemical that has been associated with dyslipidemia in ...

Arsenic is a known human carcinogen. Early-life exposure to inorganic arsenic induces tumors in humans and in C3H mice. We hypothesized that arsenic exposure&nbsp;in utero&nbsp;may induce epigenetic changes at the level of DNA methylation and miRNA alterations that could lead to ...

The use of zebrafish in both human and ecological toxicity assessments is becoming more accepted as toxicologists begin the recognize what biologists have noted for the last decade: that there are many parallels between zebrafish and other vertebrate organisms, such that zebrafis...

To explore a number of questions in the area of risk communications, the Interagency Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease, held a Workshop on Evaluation and Effective Risk Communication which brought together experts from academia, government agencies, an...