Related Topics: Homeland Security Research

Homeland Security Research Products in the Science Inventory

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  • Organization = [ORD-NHSRC]
  • Keyword = decontamination AND ((studies OR study) OR (method or methods) OR (technology and technologies) OR (system OR systems)).
Records 1 to 25 of 437

2023
Analysis for Coastal Operational Resiliency (AnCOR) Wide Area Demonstration (WAD)
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 01, 2023]
Report on the Wide Area Demonstration (WAD) under the Analysis for Coastal Operational Resiliency (AnCOR) project. The AnCOR WAD was conducted from May 2 through May 27, 2022. The test venue was located at Fort A.P. Hill (FAPH), Bowling Green, VA. All work will was conducted at F...
Decontamination of Vegetation to Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Dec 07, 2023]
The Analysis for Coastal Operational Resiliency (AnCOR) program is an interagency collaboration between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The overall purpose of this multiagency pro...
Impact of test methodology on the efficacy of triethylene glycol (Grignard Pure) against bacteriophage MS2
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 10, 2023]
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised interest in using chemical air treatments as part of a strategy to reduce the risk of disease transmission, but more information is needed to characterize their efficacy at scales translatable to applied settings and to develop methods for evaluat...
2021
Decontamination of urban surfaces contaminated with radioactive materials and consequent onsite recycling of the waste water
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 04, 2021]
Enhancing rapid remediation strategies is paramount for recovery after a large-scale nuclear contamination event in an urban environment. Some current strategies recommend use of readily available equipment, materials, and facilities to expedite recovery. For example, applying pr...
Functional resilience of activated sludge exposed to Bacillus globigii and bacteriophage MS2
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 17, 2021]
This study evaluated the effect of two biocontaminant surrogates on the activity and performance of activated sludge. In the presence of bacteriophage MS2 at 3.2 × 108 PFU/ml, the peak respiration rates varied between 9.1 and 10.5 mg O2/gVSS/hr, generally similar to the rates obs...
2020
Physiological responses to a single low-dose of Bacillus anthracis spores in the rabbit model of inhalational anthrax
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jun 11, 2020]
Journal Article--Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of inhalation anthrax, is one of the most highly studied biological threat agents, yet consensus is still lacking on an appropriate dose-response relationship to describe human health effects from low doses and multiple exp...
2019
2018 EPA International Decontamination Research and Development Conference
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 28, 2019]
On May 8-10, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Office of Research and Development’s National Homeland Security Research Center (ORD/NHSRC) hosted the 10th U.S. EPA International Decontamination Research and Development Conference at the EPA facilities in Re...
A case study of cesium sorption onto concrete materials and evaluation of wash agents: Implications for wide area recovery
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jun 01, 2019]
The sorption and desorption properties of radionuclides onto common building materials such as concrete are critical factors in the improvement of techniques for mitigating a release of nuclear or radiological material to the urban environment. A potential option for the early p...
A comparison of building effects simulations in different atmospheric dispersion models with detailed sonic measurements from the Jack Rabbit II field experiment
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 24, 2019]
Atmospheric dispersion models have frequently been used around complex industrial sites or in urban areas where building effects are predominant. Urban structures tend to considerably modify the local flow, potentially impacting concentrations from hazardous releases. These dispe...
Chlorine Exposure During a Biological Decontamination Study in a Mock Subway Tunnel
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 12, 2019]
The Underground Transport Restoration (UTR) Operational Technology Demonstration (OTD) was a full-scale study focused on remediation of a subway system after contamination with a Bacillus anthracis (Ba) surrogate (Bacillus atrophaeus, subspecies globigii [Bg]). The study involved...
Decontamination of Bacillus Spores from Drinking Water Infrastructure with Physical Removal (Pigging) and Assessment of Pipe Relining Technologies
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 16, 2019]
The objectives of this project were to evaluate the effectiveness of: (1) a physical scouring (pigging) technology for removing Bacillus globigii spores following intentional contamination of the Water Security Test Bed (WSTB). First responders and decision makers managing a wate...
Decontamination through a One Health Lens
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 15, 2019]
In an increasingly connected world, integrating a One Health approach is needed to better assess risks posed by biothreat agents and for developing effective, environmentally-sustainable response strategies. One Health recognizes the interaction and interconnectedness of human, a...
Efficacy and Compatibility of Decontamination Options for Sensitive Equipment-Related Materials Contaminated with Persistent Chemical Warfare Agents
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 23, 2019]
Under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Homeland Security Research Program (US EPA HSRP), the National Homeland Security Research Center conducts research necessary to identify methods and technologies that can be used for the decontamination of equipment and surfaces contam...
Evaluating Solid Sorbents for Recycling Wash Waters Containing Strontium and Calcium
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2019]
A radiological release from a radiological dispersal device (RDD) or an improvised nuclear device (IND) has the potential to contaminate a vast area both near the dispersal epicenter and via atmospheric deposition of small particles containing the more volatile contaminants. Rapi...
Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Bacillus Anthracis Spores: Compatibility with Real-World Samples Collected from Outdoor and Subway Surfaces
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 20, 2019]
This effort sought to assess the impact of potential real-world interferents (RWIs) present in Sponge-Stick and Vacuum Cassettes (VCF) samples on current culture and molecular analysis methods. Having an assessment of the impact, if any, will help EPA understand limitations of th...
Evaluation of Low-Tech Outdoor Decontamination Methods Following Wide Area Radiological/Nuclear Incidents
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 02, 2019]
This technology evaluation report included use of low-tech decontamination methods on surfaces common to outdoor residential environments and included evaluating the decontamination efficacy, method constraints, safety concerns, feasibility, waste generation, potential exposure, ...
Feasibility Study for Reuse of Activated Carbon for the Capture of Methyl Bromide Used for Decontamination
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 20, 2019]
In the present study, we quantified how well an activated carbon (AC) sample maintained its adsorption capacity for Methyl bromide (MeBr) over several adsorption/desorption cycles, using three different gas conditions. During the adsorption phase, the AC was exposed to a feed gas...
Full-Scale Decontamination of Bacillus Spores from Drinking Water Infrastructure
(SUMMARY) [Published : May 22, 2019]
The drinking water distribution system is vulnerable to contamination, which presents challenges to maintaining good water quality and ensuring water availability. Decontamination of drinking water systems, following an intentional contamination incident or a natural disaster, is...
High Pressure Decontamination of Building Materials During Radiological Incident Recovery
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 01, 2019]
High pressure decontamination of certain surface building materials is concluded to be a promising rapid, readily available response technique, with the data from this study informing its practical implementation. Removal efficacy of radionuclides from concrete are high when perf...
Impact of Sporicidal Fumigation with Methyl Bromide or Methyl Iodide on Electronic Equipment
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 01, 2019]
The effect of sporicidal fumigation with methyl bromide or methyl iodide on the functionality of electronic equipment was evaluated using desktop computers as surrogates for valuable electronic equipment under target conditions of 200–250 mg/L fumigant for 48 hours at 24–30 °C an...
MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF VEHICLES FOLLOWING A WIDE AREA INCIDENT: LITERATURE REVIEW AND STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jul 24, 2019]
EPA’s National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) coordinated a one-day workshop on Vehicle Waste Management and Disposal, which was held on Monday, November 13, 2017, at EPA’s Potomac Yard South located in Arlington, Virginia. The workshop brought together officials from ...
Numerical Model for Decontamination of Organic Contaminants in Polyethylene Drinking Water Pipes in Premise Plumbing by Flushing
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 01, 2019]
Polymeric materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene are used extensively for drinking water applications. These materials are subject to permeation by organic compounds, such as those found in petroleum products and industrial chemicals, which can result in water quality i...
PROTOCOL FOR DETECTION OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES DURING THE REMEDIATION PHASE OF A TULAREMIA INCIDENT
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 01, 2019]
Francisella tularensis, the bacterium that causes Tularemia infection, is a high-priority bioterrorism agent. There is no step‐by‐step analytical protocol for detection of Francisella tularensis in environmental samples that can be used by the EPA’s Environmental Response Laborat...
Persistence of Chemical Warfare Agent VX on Building Material Surfaces
(SUMMARY) [Published : Jun 24, 2019]
This brief provides a summary of two recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) bench-scale studies assessing the persistence of VX on various building material surfaces. This overview provides decision‐makers with practical information on the expected persistence of VX fo...
Quantifying hydraulic and water quality uncertainty to inform sampling of drinking water distribution systems
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 01, 2019]
Sampling of drinking water distribution systems is performed to satisfy regulatory requirements but also to respond to customer complaints or emergency situations. Water distribution system modeling techniques can be used to plan and inform sampling strategies; however, a high de...