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The proposed subproduct is expected to be at or near completion at the end of StRAP3 and is mostly funded under StRAP3. Experimentation begins in FY22 and will mostly be done during FY22 and may wrap up during FY23. As experimentation may extend into StRAP4, some funding may be n...

This is a dataset of malathion washoff data from experiments performed using a rainfall simulator. Two types of malathion - a technical (off-the shelf insecticide) and an analytical grade - were used in this study. They were applied to either concrete or asphalt coupons and allow...

In the event of a wide-area release of B. anthracis spores, soils and other outdoor materials will likely become contaminated with the biological agent. Soils may also become contaminated with B. anthracis when livestock or wildlife succumb to anthrax disease. This study was cond...

Sample processing is still a serious bottleneck in rapid and timely analysis of a large number of samples resulting in the delayed decision-making during a response to a wide-area biothreat incident. Sponge-Stick is the most commonly used and most preferred surface sampling tool ...

In the United States, debris removal is one of the costliest and most time-consuming elements of disaster response and recovery. It is essential to reducing secondary environmental and health risks, and to community recovery and rebuilding. Analysis of debris removal and waste ma...

Technologies that can reduce concentrations of airborne microorganisms through either particle capture or inactivation are important tools for reducing the risk of disease transmission and improving overall indoor air quality. The effectiveness of these technologies is tested in ...

The detonation of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) in an urban area can cause widespread disruptions and require extended remediation. Protective action guidelines (PAGs) have been developed by several organizations to aid decision makers in enacting public safety measures s...

This product evaluated the effectiveness of commercial off-the-shelf catch basin liners filled with adsorptive media for treating chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) agent stormwater contamination in a wide area incident. To perform this testing, a pilot-scale capab...

The resuspension of radioactively contaminated particles in a built environment, such as from urban surfaces like foliage, building exteriors, and roadways, is described empirically by current plume and dosimetry models used for hazard assessment and long-term risk purposes. When...

Large-scale biological contamination incidents impacting indoor, outdoor, and underground areas will require extensive time, money, and resources to successfully decontaminate prior to re-occupancy. The ability to estimate the cost of decontaminating affected areas following such...

An overview of traditional emergency water treatment approaches includeing bulk water commercial and military systems and home Point-of-Use/Point-of-Entry systems is provided.  Additional information outlining recent EPA research on mobile emergency water treatment technolog...

Waste and debris management presents considerable challenges during any large-scale disaster; additional challenges will exist during a wide-area radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) incident. In the context of a CBRN incident, waste refers to all materials generated as a result of an...

Historically, detecting water contamination has involved collecting and directly analyzing liquid samples, but recent advances in filter sampling methods offer numerous potential advantages. Emerging technologies, including environmental DNA (eDNA) samplers, could be used for rem...

Remediation of clandestine laboratory and processing operations for fentanyl and its analogs (i.e., fentalogs) may involve application of oxidants, most commonly household hypochlorite bleach, to chemically degrade the fentanyl to enable disposition of the site. While the chemica...

Timely decontamination will reduce the consequences of a radiological contamination event. For this purpose, pressure washing can be rapidly deployed, but its effectiveness will change if the interactions between the surface and radionuclides changes as the contamination “ages” u...

Previously, EPA conducted a screening analysis of available tools to determine which ones were best suited to include within a decision support system to aid biological incident response decision making. This report describes more detailed recommendations for integrating key comp...

A precipitation event’s drop size distribution (DSD) is a key characteristic and plays a critical role in quantitative precipitation estimation. In this study, DSD measurements were collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, U.S. from October 20...

The Wide Area Demonstration (WAD) was a field exercise conducted under the EPA’s Analysis of Coastal Operational Resiliency program, in conjunction with the Department of Homeland Security and the United States Coast Guard. The purpose of the WAD was to operationalize at field sc...

Radioactive fallout could have debilitating effects on drinking water and wastewater systems. Some drinking water system operators have plans to mitigate the effects of a water source contaminated with fallout, but most, if not all, wastewater operators have no such plans. Litera...

This report documents notes from a workshop held February 8th, 2024 in Raleigh, NC co-sponsored by North Carolina State University's Biological and Agricultural Engineering Extension program and The United States Environmental Protection Agency focused on the fate and transport o...

The vision and objectives of this report will inform future tasks that will focus on creating an overall framework that will allow for the integration of existing tools. This report summarizes the initial screening results of the planning phase of the work including known data ga...

In the event of an accidental or intentional release of a chemical warfare agent (CWA), environmental samples must be collected, preserved, and analyzed to assess the size of the contaminated area and, following decontamination efforts, to determine whether cleanup goals have bee...

Ricin is a highly toxic protein, capable of inhibiting protein synthesis within cells, and is produced from the beans of the Ricinus communis (castor bean) plant. Numerous recent incidents involving ricin have occurred, many in the form of mailed letters resulting in both buildin...

This report describes the outcomes from the full-scale Operational Test and Evaluation of Chemical Remediation Activities (OTECRA) field study. OTECRA was conducted to operationally test and evaluate current capabilities to remediate an indoor environment following a simulated ch...

This research tested the treatment efficacy of an ESNA-1 nanofiltration (NF) and an ESPA-2 reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for removing malathion from water.  Both membranes are of composite polyamide construction. The study included measuring malathion rejection using both pristin...