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EPA's Air Pollution Control Cost Manual provides guidance for the development of accurate and consistent costs for air pollution control devices. A long-standing document prepared by EPA, the Control Cost Manual focuses on point source and stationary area source air pollution con...

The use of air sensors continues to grow for a variety of air monitoring applications. However, the data quality still remains highly variable. In 2021, the U.S. EPA published reports outlining recommended testing protocols to evaluate the performance of ozone air sensors for non...

Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) to the atmosphere from sources such as fossil fuel combustion and industrialized agriculture have increased atmospheric deposition of N and S several times over preindustrial levels in most developed nations. Recent efforts t...

Accurate determination of NAAQS pollutant concentrations requires efficient sampling and transport of the pollutants to their respective samplers for quantitative analysis. For reactive gas sampling, Section 9 of Appendix E of 40 CFR Part 58 specifies that only borosilicate glass...

The report summarizes the findings of field tests and provides emission factors for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from wastewater treatment (WWT). It also includes country-specific activity data on industrial and domestic WWT which were used to develop country-specific em...

During 2013-2017, external groups published analyses suggesting that mobile source nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission estimates developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were too high by a factor of up to two. From 2015 to 2020, a cross-EPA workgroup met to coor...

This report focuses on the methodology for estimating growth in NR engine populations as used in the MOVES201X-NONROAD emission inventory model. MOVES NR growth rates start with base year engine populations and estimate growth in the populations of NR engines, while applying cons...

The Watershed Management Optimization Support Tool (WMOST) was developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to facilitate integrated water resources management. The new Benefits Module for WMOST enables stakeholders to calculate the value of additional ...

The Fertilizer Emission Scenario Tool for CMAQ (FEST-C v1.4) is a Java-based interface system that facilitates the integration of agriculture, atmosphere, and hydrology simulations at large scales through the current release of the Spatial Allocator (SA v4.3.2) Raster Tools syste...

This report describes the state of the science with respect to total Nr deposition budgets in the United States and the research needed to improve these budgets from both a measurement and modeling perspective. The document is intended to serve as a roadmap for research activiti...

This report covers wood stove testing carried out by ORD during May 2018 to June 2018. Testing and analysis was completed as of October 2018. Three stoves of varying design and certification level were tested using the Black Carbon Protocol developed by the International Cryosphe...

Recently, the rapid growth of miniaturized, lower-cost air sensors is changing the landscape of air pollution monitoring to enable cities, civil society, businesses, and consumers to monitor local air quality conditions, though with accuracy not on par with reference techniques. ...

Scientists and managers from government, academia, NGOs and the private sector came together in June 2014 to review the science and management related to reactive nitrogen and co-pollutants (e.g., phosphorus, sulfur) across the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), U.S. Geologic...

Test results were obtained in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IWA (International Workshop Agreement) 11:2012 that was unanimously affirmed by more than 90 stakeholders at the ISO International Workshop on Cookstoves on February 28-29, 2012 in ...

Test results were obtained in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IWA (International Workshop Agreement) 11:2012 that was unanimously affirmed by more than 90 stakeholders at the ISO International Workshop on Cookstoves on February 28-29, 2012 in ...

Test results were obtained in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IWA (International Workshop Agreement) 11:2012 that was unanimously affirmed by more than 90 stakeholders at the ISO International Workshop on Cookstoves on February 28-29, 2012 in ...

To fulfill its mission to protect human health and the environment, EPA has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) on six selected air pollutants known as criteria pollutants: ozone (O3); carbon monoxide (CO); lead (Pb); nitrogen dioxide (NO2); sulfur dioxide ...

Test results were obtained in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IWA (International Workshop Agreement) 11:2012 that was unanimously affirmed by more than 90 stakeholders at the ISO International Workshop on Cookstoves on February 28-29, 2012 in ...

The emergence of small, portable, low-cost air sensors has encouraged a shift from traditional monitoring approaches for air quality. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), in collaboration with the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s (SCAQMD) Air Quality ...

Executive Summary Environmentally responsible development of oil and gas assets requires well-developed emissions inventories and measurement techniques to verify emissions and the effectiveness of control strategies. To accurately model the oil and gas sector impacts on air qual...

For EPA, this Summer 2014, Denver CO, DISCOVER-AQ field research activity focused on assessing Federal Reference Methods (FRMs) and Federal Equivalent Methods (FEMs) for ozone (O3) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), while comparing their operational performance to each other and to smal...

There are a number of Federal Reference Method (FRM) and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) systems used to monitor the six criteria air pollutants (Lead [Pb], Carbon Monoxide [CO], Sulfur Dioxide [SO2], Nitrogen Dioxide [NO2], Ozone [O3], Particulate Matter [PM]) to determine if an...

The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) mission is to protect human health and the environment. To move toward achieving this goal, EPA is facilitating identification of potential environmental concerns, particularly in vulnerable communities. This includes actively supportin...

The CairPol CairClip O3-NO2 is a lightweight, portable sensor for measuring ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in parts per billion (ppb) or micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3) in applications such as personal exposure and indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring. It uses a mi...

Within this set of reports and papers, the authors developed an optimization framework to examine how incorporating selected co-benefits (carbon sequestration, recreation/hunting, air quality) of nutrient reductions alters their optimal distribution in the watershed. They used th...