Grantee Research Project Results
Research Centers
Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites
Colorado State University
The proposed Center will focus on the geochemical, biological, hydrological/mineralogical and engineering aspects of environmental problems associated with mining and mine wastes with the goal of developing new or improved methods or technologies that are cost effective and lead to clean ups that are protective of human health and the environment. A common theme among these environmental problems is contamination of all media (air, ground water, soil, sediments, and surface water) resulting from a host of metals, primarily As, Cd, Cu, Mn, MO, Pb, and Zn, and a wide variety of sources (e.g., acid drainage from adits and sulfide bearing waste piles, exposed ore zones, heap-leach spoils, mine waste piles and sediments, slag piles, fluvial tailings deposits, and tailings and waste rock piles).
Center Publications:
Views: | All publications | Selected publication types | Journal articles | Publications submitted after final report |
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Identifier | Abstract | Principal Investigator |
Annual/ Final Reports |
Pubs Count | Institution | Grant Representative |
Grant Amount |
Project Period |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
R825427
Centers - Main center abstract - Health Effects Institute (2000 — 2005) |
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New Orleans) |
McManis, Kenneth Barbe, Donald Cothren, Gianna M. Kura, Bhaskar LaMotta, Enrique McCorquodale, J. A. Sutherlin, John Tittlebaum, Marty - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 1: Final
|
Row 1 Total Pubs:
2 -- Row 1: No Journals -- -- Row 1: No Books -- |
Oregon State University, University of New Orleans, Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge, Tulane University, University of Central Florida, University of Delaware, University of Florida | Aja, Hayley | $5,569,100 |
January 01, 1998 - September 30, 2003 |
2 |
R826371
Centers - Main center abstract - Duke University Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology |
Research Consortium on Ozone and Fine Particle Formation in California and in the Northeastern United States |
Seinfeld, John Arey, Janet Atkinson, Roger Bhave, Prakash Bozzelli, Joseph W. Cass, Glen Dabdub, Donald Davidson, Cliff I. Kleeman, Michael J. Pandis, Spyros N. Pankow, James F. Prather, Kimberly A. Russell, Armistead G. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 2: Final
|
Row 2 Total Pubs:
40 Row 2 Journals: 40 -- Row 2: No Books -- |
California Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Georgia Institute of Technology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology, University of California - Irvine, University of California - Riverside | Hahn, Intaek | $2,999,210 |
April 15, 1998 - April 14, 2003 |
3 |
R827352
Centers - Main center abstract - Southern California Particle Center |
Southern California Particle Center and Supersite (SCPCS) |
Froines, John R. Arey, Janet Atkinson, Roger Avol, Edward L. Berhane, Kiros Cass, Glen Charles, Judith M. Cho, Arthur K. Cohen, Yoram Colome, Steven D. Eastmond, David A. Eldering, Annmarie Friedlander, Sheldon Fukuto, Jon Gauderman, William Gong, Henry Grosser, Stella C. Hankinson, Oliver Harkema, Jack Hinds, William C. Kleinman, Michael T. Kumagai, Yoshito Kunzli, Nino Langholz, Brian Linn, William S. Lurmann, Fred McConnell, Rob Scot Miguel, Antonio Nel, Andre E. Peters, John M. Phalen, Robert Que Hee, Shane S. Ritz, Beate R. Schiestl, Robert H. Sioutas, Constantinos Stram, Dan Thomas, Duncan C. Turco, Richard Venkatesan, M. Indira Winer, Arthur M. Yu, Rong Chun Ziemann, Paul J. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 3: 2003
|
Row 3 Total Pubs:
150 Row 3 Journals: 149 -- Row 3: No Books -- |
University of California - Los Angeles, Michigan State University, Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, University of California - Davis, University of California - Irvine, University of California - Riverside, University of Southern California, University of Tsukuba | Chung, Serena | $8,715,583 |
June 01, 1999 - May 31, 2005 (Extended to May 31, 2006) |
4 |
R828676
Centers - Main center abstract - EAGLES - Consortium for Estuarine Ecoindicator Research for the Gulf of Mexico |
A Western Center for Estuarine Indicators Research which will Develop Indicators of Wetlands Ecosystem Health |
Anderson, Susan L. Allen, John Bennett, Bill Brooks, Andrew Carr, Robert Scott Cherr, Gary N. Collins, Joshua N Fujiwara, Masami Green, Peter Grosholz, Edwin Higashi, Richard M. Hwang, Hyun-Min Kendall, Bruce E. Morgan, Steven Murdoch, William W. Nisbet, Roger M. Ogle, Scott Pawley, Anitra Rose, Wendy Smith, Edmund Stewart-Oaten, Allan Swanson, Christina Ustin, Susan L. Vorster, Peter Werner, I. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 4: 2001
|
Row 4 Total Pubs:
55 Row 4 Journals: 29 Row 4 Books: 2 |
University of California - Davis, San Francisco Estuary Institute, Smith and Associates, The Bay Institute of San Francisco, United States Geological Survey, University of California - Santa Barbara, University of California - Santa Cruz | Packard, Benjamin H | $5,998,221 |
October 01, 2000 - September 30, 2004 |
5 |
R828772
Centers - Main center abstract - Solutions for Energy, AiR, Climate and Health Center (SEARCH) |
Western Region Hazardous Substance Research Center for Developing In-Situ Processes for VOC Remediation in Groundwater and Soil |
Semprini, Lewis Reinhard, Martin Williamson, Kenneth J. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 5: 2002
|
Row 5 Total Pubs:
162 Row 5 Journals: 69 Row 5 Books: 4 |
Oregon State University, Stanford University | Aja, Hayley | $5,572,000 |
September 01, 2001 - August 31, 2006 (Extended to August 31, 2007) |
6 |
R829095
Centers - Main center abstract - Space-Time Aquatic Resources Modeling and Analysis Program (STARMAP) |
Applying Spatial and Temporal Modeling of Statistical Surveys to Aquatic Resources |
Urquhart, N. Scott Breidt, F. Jay Davis, Richard A. Gitelman, Alix I. Herlihy, Alan T. Hoeting, Jennifer A. Iyer, Hariharan K. Johnson, Devin S. Johnson, Stephen Loftis, James C. Opsomer, Jean Reich, Robin M. Ritter, Kerry J. Stevens, Don L. Theobald, David M. Weisberg, Steven B. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 6: 2003
|
Row 6 Total Pubs:
140 Row 6 Journals: 39 Row 6 Books: 3 |
Colorado State University, Iowa State University, Oregon State University, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, University of Alaska - Fairbanks | Packard, Benjamin H | $2,998,331 |
October 01, 2001 - September 30, 2006 |
7 |
R829096
Centers - Main center abstract - Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions |
National Research Program on Design-Based/Model-Assisted Survey Methodology for Aquatic Resources |
Stevens, Don L. Breidt, F. Jay Carroll, Steven Conquest, Loveday Courbois, Jean-Yves Gitelman, Alix I. Herlihy, Alan T. Hughes, Robert Lesser, Virginia Munoz-Hernandez, Breda Murtaugh, Paul Muñoz-Hernández, Breda Opsomer, Jean Sifneos, Jean Smith, Ruben Urquhart, N. Scott - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 7: 2002
|
Row 7 Total Pubs:
142 Row 7 Journals: 16 -- Row 7: No Books -- |
Oregon State University, Colorado State University, Iowa State University, University of Washington | Packard, Benjamin H | $2,989,884 |
October 15, 2001 - October 14, 2005 (Extended to October 13, 2006) |
8 |
R829402
Centers - Main center abstract - Center for Integrating Statistical and Environmental Science |
Center for Integrating Statistical and Environmental Science |
Stein, Michael Amit, Yali Beletsky, Dmitry Chay, Kenneth Dukic, Vanja Dwyer, Greg Eshel, Gidon Frederick, John Greenstone, Michael Kotamarthi, V. Rao Lesht, Barry McCullagh, Peter Meng, Xiao-Li Naureckas, Edward Pfister, Cathy Rathouz, Paul Reinsel, Gregory Schwab, David Solway, Julian Tiao, George Weatherhead, Elizabeth Wootton, Timothy Wuebbles, Donald J. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 8: 2004
|
Row 8 Total Pubs:
73 Row 8 Journals: 47 Row 8 Books: 1 |
University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of California - Berkeley, University of Colorado at Boulder, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Miami, University of Wisconsin - Madison | Packard, Benjamin H | $6,250,049 |
March 12, 2002 - March 11, 2007 |
9 |
R829483
Centers - Main center abstract - National Research Program on Design-Based/Model-Assisted Survey Methodology for Aquatic Resources |
Technical Outreach Services for Communities Support |
Williamson, Kenneth J. Fernandez, Michael Harding, Anna K. Kassim, Tarek Orlando, Jerry Sanford, Stephanie - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 9: Final
|
Oregon State University | Aja, Hayley | $381,918 |
September 01, 2001 - August 31, 2007 |
|
10 |
R829515
Centers - Main center abstract - HSRC - Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites |
Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites |
Shackelford, Charles D. Burger, Karl Hinshaw, Linda Macalady, Donald L. Wildeman, Thomas Woods, Sandra L. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 10: 2002
|
Row 10 Total Pubs:
183 Row 10 Journals: 18 -- Row 10: No Books -- |
Colorado State University, Colorado School of Mines, Montana Tech of the University of Montana | Aja, Hayley | $5,261,000 |
October 01, 2001 - September 30, 2006 |
11 |
R829515C001
Centers - This is a subproject of the EAGLES - Consortium for Estuarine Ecoindicator Research for the Gulf of Mexico (R829515) |
Redox Transformations, Complexation and Soil/Sediment Interactions of Inorganic Forms of As and Se in Aquatic Environments: Effects of Natural Organic Matter |
Macalady, Donald L. Ahmann, Dianne Garbarino, John Westall, John C. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 11: 2002
|
Colorado State University, Oregon State University, United States Geological Survey |
EPA Project Officer(s) for EAGLES - Consortium for Estuarine Ecoindicator Research for the Gulf of Mexico Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
November 01, 2001 - October 31, 2003 |
|
12 |
R829515C002
Centers - This is a subproject of the HSRC (1989) - Great Plains/Rocky Mountain HSRC (R829515) |
Fate and Transport of Metals and Sediment in Surface Water |
Julien, Pierre Bledsoe, Brian P. Stein, Otto Watson, Chester - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 12: 2002
|
Colorado State University, Montana State University - Bozeman |
EPA Project Officer(s) for HSRC (1989) - Great Plains/Rocky Mountain HSRC Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
November 01, 2001 - October 31, 2003 |
|
13 |
R829515C003
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Metal Removal Capabilities of Passive Bioreactor Systems: Effects of Organic Matter and Microbial Population Dynamics |
Figueroa, Linda Ahmann, Dianne Blowes, David Carlson, Kenneth H. DuTeau, Nancy M. Reardon, Kenneth F. Shackleford, Charles Wildeman, Thomas Woods, Sandra L. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 13: 2002
|
Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
November 01, 2001 - October 31, 2003 |
|
14 |
R829515C004
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Evaluating Recovery of Stream Ecosystems from Mining Pollution: Integrating Biochemical, Population, Community and Ecosystem Indicators |
Clements, William Ranville, James - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 14: 2002
|
Colorado State University, Colorado School of Mines |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
November 01, 2001 - October 31, 2003 |
|
15 |
R829515C005
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center Training and Technology Transfer Program |
Wildeman, ThomasWoods, Sandra L. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 15: 2002
|
Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
November 01, 2001 - October 31, 2003 |
|
16 |
R829515C006
Centers - This is a subproject of the HSRC - Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites (R829515) |
Technical Outreach Services for Communities and Technical Assistance to Brownfields |
Burgher, Karl Woods, Sandra L. Mellott, Kevin - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 16: 2003
|
Colorado State University, Montana Tech of the University of Montana |
EPA Project Officer(s) for HSRC - Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2001 - September 30, 2006 |
|
17 |
R829515C007
Centers - This is a subproject of the Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (H MAPs) Center (R829515) |
Evaluation of Hydrologic Models for Alternative Covers at Mine Waste Sites |
Shackelford, Charles D. Benson, Craig H. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 17: 2003
|
Colorado State University, University of Wisconsin - Madison |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (H MAPs) Center Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2002 - September 30, 2005 |
|
18 |
R829515C008
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for the Study of Metals in the Environment (R829515) |
Microbial Reduction of Uranium in Mine Leachate by Fermentative and Iron-Reducing Bacteria |
Honeyman, Bruce D. Spear, John R. - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 18: 2003
|
Colorado School of Mines |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for the Study of Metals in the Environment Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
November 01, 2002 - October 31, 2004 |
|
19 |
R829515C009
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Development and Characterization of Microbial Inocula for High-Performance Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage |
Reardon, Kenneth F. Pruden, Amy - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 19: 2004
|
Colorado State University |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2003 - September 30, 2006 |
|
20 |
R829515C010
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Reactive Transport Modeling of Metal Removal From Anaerobic Biozones |
Figueroa, Linda Shackelford, Charles D. Wildeman, Thomas - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 20: 2004
|
Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2003 - September 30, 2006 |
|
21 |
R829515C011
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Assessment of Electrokinetic Injection of Amendments for Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage |
Carlson, Kenneth H. Pruden, Amy - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 21: 2004
|
Colorado School of Mines, Colorado State University |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2003 - September 30, 2006 |
|
22 |
R829515C012
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients (R829515) |
Metal Toxicity Thresholds for Important Reclamation Plant Species of the Rocky Mountains |
Paschke, Mark W Redente, Edward F - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 22: 2004
|
Colorado State University |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2003 - September 30, 2006 |
|
23 |
R829515C013
Centers - This is a subproject of the Center for the Study of Metals in the Environment (R829515) |
An Improved Method for Establishing Water Quality Criteria for Mining Impacted Streams |
Ranville, James Cohen, Ron Ross, Phillipe Wildeman, Thomas - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 23: 2004
|
Colorado School of Mines |
EPA Project Officer(s) for Center for the Study of Metals in the Environment Grant Number R829515: Aja, Hayley |
Refer to main center abstract (R829515) for funding details. |
October 01, 2003 - September 30, 2006 |
|
24 |
R829588
Centers - Main center abstract - HSRC - Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center for Remediation of Mine Waste Sites |
Rocky Mountain Regional Hazardous Substance Research Center |
Woods, Sandra L. Burgher, Karl - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 24: 2002
|
Row 24 Total Pubs:
5 -- Row 24: No Journals -- -- Row 24: No Books -- |
Colorado State University, Colorado School of Mines, Montana Tech of the University of Montana | Aja, Hayley | $242,500 |
April 15, 2002 - April 14, 2004 |
25 |
R832413
Centers - Main center abstract - Southern California Particle Center |
Southern California Particle Center (SCPC) |
Froines, John R. Cho, Arthur K. Delfino, Ralph Fine, Philip M. Fukuto, Jon Harkema, Jack Hinds, William C. Kleinman, Michael T. Kumagai, Yoshito Lusis, Aldons Miguel, Antonio Nel, Andre E. Neuhausen, Susan Schauer, James J. Shafer, Martin M. Sioutas, Constantinos Staimer, Norbert Stram, Dan Vaziri, Nosratola D Vaziri, Nostratola Zhu, Yifang - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 25: 2006
|
Row 25 Total Pubs:
154 Row 25 Journals: 139 -- Row 25: No Books -- |
Michigan State University, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California - Irvine, University of Southern California, University of Tsukuba, University of Wisconsin - Madison | Chung, Serena | $7,999,994 |
October 01, 2005 - September 30, 2010 (Extended to September 30, 2012) |
26 |
R834513
Centers - Main center abstract - Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas - UC Berkeley School of Public Health: CHAMACOS Office, Berkeley, CA |
Center for Children’s Environmental Health and DiseasePreventionResearch (P01) (joint EPA and NIEHS) - CHAMACOS |
Eskenazi, Brenda Arora, Manish Barcellos, Lisa Barlow, Janice Blum, Arlene Bradman, Asa Chevrier, Jonathan Crinella, Frank Eisen, Ellen Fenster, Laura Harley, Kim Harnly, Martha Holland, Nina T. Hubbard, Alan Jerrett, Michael Johnson, Caroline Lustig, Robert McKone, Thomas Minkler, Meredith Molitor, John Rosas, Lisa Goldman Salvatore, Alicia Salvatore, Alicia L. Sjodin, Andreas Smith, Donald Wallerstein, Nina - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 26: 2010
|
Row 26 Total Pubs:
514 Row 26 Journals: 156 -- Row 26: No Books -- |
University of California - Berkeley, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harvard University, Natividad Medical Foundation, Oregon State University, University of California - Santa Cruz, University of New Mexico, ZERO Breast Cancer | Hahn, Intaek | $3,585,582 |
August 01, 2009 - July 31, 2014 (Extended to July 31, 2017) |
27 |
R835142
Centers - Main center abstract - Center for Integrated Multi‐scale Nutrient Pollution Solutions |
Center for Green Infrastructure and Stormwater Management |
Echols, Stuart Patton Clark, Shirley E Duffy, Christopher Gray, Barbara L Orland, Brian A Ready, Richard C Royer, Matthew B Saacke-Blunk, Kristen Shortle, James S. Wagener, Thorsten - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 27: 2012
|
Row 27 Total Pubs:
22 Row 27 Journals: 3 -- Row 27: No Books -- |
Pennsylvania State University, Montana Tech of the University of Montana | Packard, Benjamin H | $2,173,026 |
March 01, 2012 - February 28, 2018 |
28 |
R835570
Centers - Main center abstract - UT Center for Infrastructure Modeling and Management |
Center for Comprehensive, optimaL, and Effective Abatement of Nutrients |
Arabi, Mazdak Bledsoe, Brian P. Hoag, Dana LK Hunt, William F Osmond, Deanna Sharvelle, Sybil Silversrein, JoAnn Vrugt, Jasper - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 28: 2014
|
Row 28 Total Pubs:
137 Row 28 Journals: 36 -- Row 28: No Books -- |
Colorado State University, North Carolina State University, University of California - Irvine, University of Colorado at Boulder | Packard, Benjamin H | $2,200,151 |
September 01, 2013 - August 31, 2018 |
29 |
R835737
Centers - Main center abstract - Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (H MAPs) Center |
Human Models for Analysis of Pathways (H MAPs) Center |
Murphy, William L Ashton, Randolph S Beebe, David Daly, William McIntosh, Brian Roy, Sushmita Sheibani, Nader Thomson, James Vickerman-Kelley, Vernella - Principal Investigators listed are sub-PIs determined by the center. |
Row 29: 2015
|
Row 29 Total Pubs:
189 Row 29 Journals: 67 -- Row 29: No Books -- |
University of Wisconsin - Madison | Callan, Richard | $5,999,600 |
December 01, 2014 - November 30, 2018 (Extended to November 30, 2019) |
The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.