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IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Consultation Draft)
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Contact
- Norman Birchfield
- by phone at: 703-347-0174
- by fax at: 703-347-8699
- by email at: birchfield.norman@epa.gov
- by fax at: 703-347-8699
Downloads/Related Links
- Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Consultation Draft) (PDF) (260 pp, 2 MB, about PDF)
- Charge to External Reviewers (Interagency Science Consultation Draft) (PDF) (2 pp, 21 KB, about PDF)
- ATSDR Comments of the Review of Hexavalent Chromium (PDF) (2 pp, 23 KB, about PDF)
- DoD Comments of the Review of Hexavalent Chromium (PDF) (15 pp, 137 KB, about PDF)
- DoD Comments of the Charge Questions for the Review of Hexavalent Chromium (PDF) (2 pp, 22 KB, about PDF)
- NTP Comments of the Review of Hexavalent Chromium (PDF) (2 pp, 407 KB, about PDF)
- OMB Comments of the Review of Hexavalent Chromium (PDF) (4 pp, 33 KB, about PDF)
- Link to Peer Review Charge Hexavalent Chromium (PDF) (NA pp, 4 KB, about PDF)
Background
The draft Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium provides scientific support and rationale for the hazard and dose-response assessment pertaining to chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium via ingestion.
Chromium is a naturally occuring element in the earth's crust. The three main forms of chromium found in the environment are chromium (0), chromium (III), and chromium (VI), also known as hexavalent chromium. Chromium is widely used in manufacturing processes, and it can be found in many consumer products such as wood treated with copper dichromate, leather tanned with chromic sulfate, and stainless steel cookware. Chromium is released to the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources, with the largest releases occurring from industrial sources. The general population may be exposed to chromium by inhaling ambient air, ingesting food, and drinking water containing chromium. Dermal exposure of the general public to chromium can occur from skin contact with certain consumer products or soils that contain chromium.
Chromium is a naturally occuring element in the earth's crust. The three main forms of chromium found in the environment are chromium (0), chromium (III), and chromium (VI), also known as hexavalent chromium. Chromium is widely used in manufacturing processes, and it can be found in many consumer products such as wood treated with copper dichromate, leather tanned with chromic sulfate, and stainless steel cookware. Chromium is released to the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources, with the largest releases occurring from industrial sources. The general population may be exposed to chromium by inhaling ambient air, ingesting food, and drinking water containing chromium. Dermal exposure of the general public to chromium can occur from skin contact with certain consumer products or soils that contain chromium.
History/Chronology
| Sep 1998 | The oral RfD for hexavalent chromium was posted to the IRIS database. The inhalation RfC for hexavalent chromium and the carcinogenicity assessment for hexavalent chromium were also posted to the IRIS database. |
| May 2010 | EPA initiated the interagency science consultation on the draft Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium. |
| Sep 2010 | EPA released the external review draft for public review and comment. Additionally, EPA released the draft toxicological review and federal agency comments from the Interagency Science consultation. |
Next Steps
Following external peer review the draft report will be revised taking into consideration external peer review and public comments, will undergo a final EPA internal review and a review by a science discussion with other federal agencies and White House offices, and then will finally be posted to the IRIS Web site.
Citation
U.S. EPA. IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Consultation Draft). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/635/R-10/004C, 2010.